【作者】 刘莹莹；

【导师】 姜世波；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律（法学）（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 在法治的推进过程中,诉讼逐渐成为解决矛盾纠纷的主要途径,民事虚假诉讼案件的数量也随之攀升,给司法秩序的公正性以及当事人合法权益造成了严重冲击。我国围绕民事虚假诉讼治理展开了广泛且深入的探索,构建起多元化的法律规制路径。随着民事虚假诉讼的治理框架得以日益优化与健全,该类案件的外在呈现形态却呈现出更为隐秘化、多元化的发展趋向。从检察机关的监督实践视角审视,其开展民事虚假诉讼检察监督工作所面临的外部环境要素以及监督客体范畴,均已发生了深层次的结构性变革。这给检察机关履行民事检察监督职能提出了新的挑战。首先,本文梳理了民事虚假诉讼现有法律规制路径,将其在实践中运行效果进行比较分析,并且以合理性、必要性、可行性为视角审视检察机关介入虚假诉讼的法理依据,认为相较于法院、公安机关等部门,检察机关在治理日益复杂多变的民事虚假诉讼案件时具有独立性、刑民协同追责、救济成本更低、查案积极性更高等显著的制度优势。本文通过对民事虚假诉讼检察监督相关立法及规范性文件进行梳理,对2018—2024年民事虚假诉讼检察监督办案情况进行分析,发现在实践中民事虚假诉讼检察监督工作尚存在法律规定不够细致、案件线索来源缺乏稳定性、调查核实权强制力不足、联合协作机制运行不畅、监督理念尚未转变等问题,极大限制了检察机关在民事虚假诉讼治理中优势作用的有效发挥。针对这些问题,应从理念定位、线索识别、调查核实及责任追究四个维度系统推进民事虚假诉讼检察监督机制的完善。其一,明确检察监督的法律监督的职能定位,在合法谦抑的框架内,检察机关应当深化精准监督理念,聚焦高发领域与典型案件,同时顺应检察一体化改革的趋势,强化跨部门协同办案机制,形成监督合力。其二,完善线索发现和识别机制,通过拓宽线索来源渠道、强化对生效裁判及非诉文书的审查、细化案件识别标准提升监督主动性。其三,完善案件调查和核实机制,明确调查核实权行权原则与条件,强化调查手段并规范调查证据的司法效力。最后,健全责任追究体系,完善刑民证据衔接与程序转化规则,建立民事检察跟进监督制度,健全失信人名单与联合惩戒机制。检察机关充分借助大数据技术的强大力量,依靠理念的创新与技术的支撑,不仅能够有效解决长期存在的既有问题,还能够从容应对不断涌现的新挑战。通过制度完善与技术赋能,构建全链条、多维度的民事虚假诉讼监督体系,以维护司法公信力与社会诚信秩序。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the process of advancing the rule of law,litigation has gradually become the main way to resolve conflicts and disputes,and the number of false litigation cases has also risen,which has had a serious impact on the fairness of the judicial order and the legitimate rights and interests of the parties.China has carried out extensive and in-depth exploration around the governance of civil false litigation,and has built a diversified legal regulatory path.The civil false litigation governance system has been continuously improved,and the manifestations of false litigation cases have become more and more concealed and diverse.Profound changes have taken place in the external environment and the objects of supervision of procuratorial organs in carrying out civil procuratorial supervision of false litigation,which has posed new challenges to procuratorial organs in performing their functions of civil procuratorial supervision.First,this paper combs out the operational effects of the existing legal regulatory paths of false litigation in practice,and examines the theoretical and practical foundations of procuratorial organs to intervene in false litigation from the perspectives of rationality,necessity,and feasibility.This paper analyzes the procuratorial supervision and handling of civil false litigation from 2018 to 2024 by combing through the relevant legislation and normative documents of the procuratorial supervision of false litigation,and finds that in practice,there are still some problems in the procuratorial supervision of civil false litigation,such as the lack of detailed legal provisions,the lack of stability of the source of case clues,the insufficient coercive power of the investigation and verification power,the poor operation of the joint cooperation mechanism,and the lack of change in the supervision concept,which greatly restricts the effective play of the procuratorial organs’ advantageous role in the governance of civil false litigation.In view of these problems,it is necessary to systematically promote the improvement of the procuratorial supervision mechanism for civil false litigation from the four dimensions of concept positioning,clue identification,investigation and verification,and accountability.First,clarify the functional positioning of legal supervision of procuratorial supervision,and within the framework of legality and modesty,procuratorial organs should deepen the concept of precise supervision,focus on high-incidence areas and typical cases,and at the same time conform to the trend of integrated procuratorial reform,strengthen cross-departmental collaborative case-handling mechanisms,and form a joint force for supervision.Second,improve the mechanism for the discovery and identification of clues,and enhance the initiative of supervision by broadening the channels for the sources of clues,strengthening the review of effective judgments and non-litigation documents,and refining the criteria for case identification.Third,improve the case investigation and verification mechanism,clarify the principles and conditions for the exercise of the power of investigation and verification,strengthen the investigation methods,and standardize the judicial effectiveness of the investigation evidence.Finally,complete the system for pursuing responsibility,improve the rules for the connection of criminal and civil evidence and the transformation of procedures,establish a civil procuratorial follow-up and supervision system,and complete the list of untrustworthy persons and joint disciplinary action mechanisms.With the full use of the powerful power of big data technology and the support of ideas,procuratorial organs can not only effectively solve long-standing existing problems,but also calmly respond to emerging new challenges.Through system improvement and technical empowerment,build a full-chain,multi-dimensional false litigation supervision system to maintain judicial credibility and social creditworthiness and order.更多还原