【作者】 王雷；

【导师】 李壮； 李晓博；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 资源利用与植物保护（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 山东省是我国产姜大省,种植面积占全国30%以上,产量占40%以上,伴随着生姜种植面积不断扩大,生姜秸秆利用问题逐渐突显。山东省常年生姜秸秆产出量达150万吨以上,大量秸秆被随意抛弃、焚烧,不仅造成了资源浪费和环境污染,还会传播病害。目前生姜秸秆利用途径单一,主要以生产附加产品为主,前期投入高,技术要求严格,产出率低,推广度较差,因此亟需开发生姜秸秆利用新途径。生姜秸秆中富含蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素及其他微量元素,可作为食用菌栽培基质得以利用。基于此,本研究以平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)、金针菇(Flammulina filiformis)、黑木耳(Auricularia heimuer)、毛木耳(A.cornea)、杏鲍菇(P.eryngii)为材料,探究此5种大宗食用菌的生姜秸秆培养基配方及生姜秸秆添加对其品质的影响。本研究结果既能解决生姜秸秆造成的一系列环境及资源问题,又可降低栽培成本,提高菇农收益,助力乡村振兴,为高效生态循环农业的发展提供选择。主要研究结果如下:1.菌株ITS鉴定及优良菌株筛选通过ITS序列分析及系统发育树构建,对收集到的五种大宗食用菌种类共36个菌株进行鉴定,舍弃3个命名错误的菌株,对剩余33个菌株进行优良菌株筛选。综合分析各菌株在PDA培养基和常规棉籽壳培养基中的长速及长势,筛选获得平菇优良菌株:P1、P3、P4、P6、P7;金针菇优良菌株:J1、J5、J7;黑木耳优良菌株:h2、h4、h7;毛木耳优良菌株:M2、M6;杏鲍菇优良菌株:XB2、XB3、XB4、XB5。将上述17个优良菌株进行后续实验。2.生姜秸秆培养基配方优化以常规棉籽壳培养基为对照,测定17个菌株在生姜秸秆添加比例为10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%培养基中的长速和长势。综合分析不同菌株在生姜秸秆培养基中的长速、长势及生姜秸秆利用率,确定各菌株的最适生姜秸秆添加比例。平菇P1菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为25%,P3、P4、P6菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为35%,P7菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为30%;金针菇J1、J5菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为25%,J7菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为20%;杏鲍菇XB2菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为20%,XB3菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为25%,XB4菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为30%,XB5菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为35%;黑木耳h2、h4、h7菌株生姜秸秆添加比例均为20%;毛木耳M2菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为15%,M6菌株生姜秸秆添加比例为35%。3.生姜秸秆培养基对五种大宗食用菌综合品质的影响按照筛选得到的各优良菌株及其最适的生姜秸秆添加比例进行出菇实验,并对子实体的生物学效率、商品性状(菌盖直径、菌盖厚度、菌柄长度)、营养品质(粗脂肪、粗蛋白、总糖、还原糖、氨基酸、总抗氧化能力、粗纤维、灰分、微量元素)进行测定。结果表明,相较于常规棉籽壳培养基,生姜秸秆培养基对五种大宗食用菌的生物学效率、商品性状及营养品质产生了不同程度的影响。利用隶属函数综合评价体系对子实体综合品质进行评价,结果表明:平菇、黑木耳、毛木耳生姜秸秆子实体的平均隶属函数值均高于对照组子实体,说明生姜秸秆培养基对这3种食用菌的综合品质有积极影响,因此,可将生姜秸秆培养基用作平菇、黑木耳、毛木耳的栽培基质进行推广;金针菇、杏鲍菇生姜秸秆子实体的平均隶属函数值低于对照组子实体,但差异极小,分别为0.01和0.001,而且金针菇和杏鲍菇菌株生姜秸秆子实体的生物学效率均高于对照组子实体,因此,生姜秸秆培养基对金针菇及杏鲍菇栽培也有一定的应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shandong is a large province of ginger in China.The planting area accounts for more than30%of the country,output accounts for more than 40%.With the continuous expansion of ginger planting area,the utilization of ginger straw is gradually highlighted.According to statistics,the annual output of ginger straw in Shandong Province can reach more than 1.5million tons.A large number of straws are discarded and burned at will,which not only causes waste of resources and environmental pollution,but also spreads diseases.At present,the utilization of ginger straw is single,mainly based on the extraction of additional finished products,the early investment is high,the technical requirements are strict,the output rate is low,and the promotion is poor.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new way to utilize ginger straw.Ginger straw is rich in protein,cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin and other trace elements,which can be used as a substrate for edible fungus cultivation.Based on this,this study used Pleurotus ostreatus、Flammulina filiformis、Auricularia heimuer、A.cornea、P.eryngii five major edible fungus as materials to explore the effect of ginger straw medium formula and ginger straw addition on the quality of edible fungus.It can not only solve a series of environmental and resource problems caused by ginger straw,but also reduce the cultivation cost,improve the income of mushroom farmers,help rural revitalization and industrial development,and provide options for the development of efficient ecological circular agriculture.The main results are as follows:1.Identification of strain ITS and screening of excellent strainsThrough ITS sequence analysis and Phylogenetic trees construction,a total of 36 strains of five major edible fungi species collected were identified,and 3 strains with wrong names were discarded.The remaining 33 strains were screened for excellent strains.By measuring the growth rate and growth potential of each strain in PDA medium and conventional cottonseed shell medium,the excellent strains of P.ostreatus were screened:P1、P3、P4、P6、P7,excellent strains of F.filiformis:J1、J5、J7,excellent strains of A.heimuer:h2、h4、h7,excellent strains of A.cornea:M2、M6,excellent strains of P.eryngii:XB2,XB3,XB4,XB5.Subsequent experiments were carried out using the above 17 excellent strains..2.Optimization of ginger straw medium formulaThe growth rate and growth vigor of 17 strains in the medium with 10%,15%,20%,25%,30%,35%and 40%ginger straw were determined by using the conventional cottonseed hull medium as the control.The P1 strain of P.ostreatus was cultured with 25%ginger straw,the P3,P4 and P6 strains were cultured with 35%ginger straw,and the P7 strain was cultured with30%ginger straw.The J1 and J5 strains of F.filiformis were cultured in the medium with 25%ginger straw,and the J7 strain was cultured in the medium with 20%ginger straw.The XB2strain of P.eryngii was cultured with 20%ginger straw,XB3 strain was cultured with 25%ginger straw,XB4 strain was cultured with 30%ginger straw,and XB5 strain was cultured with35%ginger straw.The test strains of A.heimuer were cultured in the medium with 20%ginger straw.The M2 strain of A.cornea was cultured with 15%ginger straw,and the M6 strain was cultured with 35%ginger straw.3.Effect of ginger straw cultivation substrate on the comprehensive quality of five major edible fungusAccording to the screened excellent strains and the optimum proportion of ginger straw,the fruiting experiment was carried out,the biological efficiency,commodity traits(Length of stipe,Diameter of cap,Thickness of cap,Water content)and nutritional quality(Crude fat,Protein,Total polysaccharide,Reducing sugar,Amino acid,Total antioxidant capacity,Crude fiber,Ash,Trace elements)of mature fruiting bodies were determined.The results showed that compared with the conventional cottonseed hull medium,the ginger straw medium had different effects on the biological efficiency,commodity traits and nutritional quality of the five major edible fungi.The comprehensive evaluation system of membership function was used to comprehensively evaluate the fruiting bodies obtained from cultivation,the results showed that the average membership function values of ginger straw fruiting bodies of P.ostreatus,A.heimuer and A.cornea were higher than those of cottonseed shell fruiting bodies,indicating that ginger straw medium had a positive effect on the comprehensive quality of these three edible fungus.Therefore,ginger straw medium can be used as the cultivation substrate of P.ostreatus,A.heimuer and A.cornea.The average membership function values of ginger straw fruiting bodies of F.velutipes and P.eryngii were lower than those of cottonseed hull fruiting bodies,but the differences were very small,which were 0.01 and 0.001,respectively.The biological efficiency of ginger straw fruiting bodies of F.filiformis and P.eryngii strains was higher than that of cottonseed hull fruiting bodies.Therefore,ginger straw medium also has certain application value for the cultivation of F.filiformis and P.eryngii.更多还原