【作者】 张强；

【导师】 江兆涛；

【作者基本信息】 宁夏大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 《行政处罚法》修订前,一些地方公安交通管理部门内生性探索实践了“轻微不罚”、“首违不罚”等柔性执法措施。自2021年新修订的《行政处罚法》明确“首违不罚”制度以来,公安部和各地公安交通管理部门相继推出“一般违法首次警告”措施,建立“首次违法警告清单”。“首违不罚”制度对降低执法成本、推进执法规范化、建设和谐社会等方面发挥了重要作用,但也存在行政相对人逆向选择、行政执法自由裁量滥用、沦为营商政策工具等风险,在执法实务中“首违不罚”制度的适用条件不明晰、适用程序不健全和“首违不罚”清单内容存在区域差异、公安交通管理制度不完善等问题同样突出。为了更好地发挥道路交通安全领域“首违不罚”制度的效用,应当从界定制度的适用要件、颁布动态的全国与省级清单、完善制度的适用程序、构建危害性评价制度、建立再犯处罚制度以及健全公安交通管理部门管理制度等方面入手,推动制度适用精准化、规范化、科学化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Before the revision of the Administrative Penalty Law,some local public security and traffic management departments endogenously explored and practiced flexible law enforcement measures such as"no punishment for minor offenses" and "no punishment for first offenses."Since the newly revised"Administrative Penalty Law" in 2021 clarified the "no punishment for first violation" system,the Ministry of Public Security and local public security and traffic management departments have successively launched "first warning for general violations" measures and established a "first violation warning list."The "no penalty for first offense" system has played an important role in reducing law enforcement costs,promoting law enforcement standardization,and building a harmonious society.However,it also has risks such as adverse selection of administrative counterparts,abuse of administrative law enforcement discretion,and becoming a business policy tool.In law enforcement practice,problems such as unclear application conditions of the "no penalty for first offense" system,imperfect application procedures,regional differences in the contents of the "no penalty for first offense" list,and imperfect public security traffic management systems are also prominent.In order to better bring into play the effectiveness of the "no penalty for first offense" system in the field of road traffic safety,we should promote precise,standardized and scientific application of the system from aspects such as define the application requirements of the system,promulgate dynamic national and provincial lists,improve the application procedures of the system,build a hazard evaluation system,establish a system for repeat offenders,improve the management system of public security and traffic management departments,etc.更多还原