【作者】 雷鸣；

【导师】 张开；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校（国家行政学院） ， 政治经济学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 党的十九届五中全会将“坚持系统观念”列为“十四五”时期经济社会发展必须遵循的原则,具体内容是:加强前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、战略性布局、整体性推进,明确提出在实践中要以普遍联系的、全面系统的、发展变化的观点把握事物发展规律,将系统观念贯穿于经济发展的全过程和各领域。系统观念既是党中央在治国理政中长期坚持的具有基础性的思想和工作方法,也是马克思主义政治经济学方法论的重要特征,两者一脉相承。掌握马克思在《资本论》中揭示资本主义制度实质及内部结构的系统方法论,才能真正清楚认识社会主义经济制度的本质及内部结构。因此,对《资本论》中的系统观念进行研究,一方面是回归马克思,在理论层面上更好理解系统观念内涵的需要;另一方面为党中央在治国理政中长期坚持系统观念提供了理论根据,是在实践层面上立足新发展阶段,贯彻新发展理念,构建新发展格局的需要。政治经济学方法论包括从具体到抽象的研究方法和从抽象到具体的叙述方法。马克思对政治经济学方法论的阐述遍布在他的与《资本论》相关的一切著作中,不仅包括正式出版的三卷《资本论》,还包括准备《资本论》出版的过程中留下的三部重要手稿。因此,本文对《资本论》中系统观念的研究从《资本论》及相关手稿的文本出发,以《资本论》三卷本的结构为主体框架,以《资本论》三卷本中的部分理论点位为主要研究对象,以《资本论》相关的经济学手稿为补充。本文运用文献研究法和分析与综合法,逐步揭示系统观念作为政治经济学方法论的本质特征。本文从以下七个方面来阐述:第一部分是绪论。首先介绍了研究背景;其次从理论与实践的角度阐述了研究《资本论》中系统观念的意义;最后介绍了研究方法与可能的创新点。第二部分是关于系统观念相关理论的文献综述。首先,分别从《资本论》中的方法论、现代系统论与系统观念、总体性方法论与系统观念三个方面展开了文献述评,理清了系统观念与相似概念的区别与联系,阐明了系统观念的理论定位。其次,对当代系统观念的内涵与运用进行了文献综述。第三部分是《资本论》中系统观念的阐释维度。首先,从抽象和一般的视角将《资本论》中系统观念的内涵总结为以下四点:系统研究和专题研究相统一、局部系统和总体系统相统一、系统内部关系和外部条件相统一、现象和本质相统一。其次,阐明了资产阶级社会以资本主义私有制为基础,资产阶级社会的一切生产活动由资本来支配,因此,资本作为普照的光决定了整个《资本论》三卷的结构,对《资本论》中各个经济范畴的理解都要坚持系统观念,以资产阶级社会条件下的产业资本运动为前提。最后,分析了生产四环节中蕴含的系统观念。第四部分是资本生产过程中的系统观念。选取了私人劳动和社会劳动、局部工人和总体工人、工场内部分工和社会分工三个理论点位,旨在通过对马克思分工理论具体论证过程的逻辑梳理,阐明局部系统和总体系统相统一是系统观念的内涵之一。第五部分是资本流通过程中的系统观念。分别从单个资本的循环和社会总资本的再生产两个维度进行分析,旨在从马克思对于微观和宏观资本循环的分析中阐明系统内部关系和外部条件相统一是系统观念的内涵之一。第六部分是资本主义生产总过程中的系统观念。选取了两个总量等式、剩余价值的术语革命两个理论点位,从资本主义生产总过程的角度分析资本主义社会各个剥削阶级对社会总剩余价值的瓜分,旨在通过对马克思论证逻辑的梳理,阐明现象和本质相统一是系统观念的内涵之一。第七部分是《资本论》中的系统观念在新发展阶段的体现与应用。聚焦新发展阶段,以贯彻新发展理念和构建新发展格局为范例,阐明党中央在治国理政中长期坚持的系统观念,既是对《资本论》中系统观念的坚持与发展,也是马克思主义政治经济学系统方法论的中国化时代化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party listed"adhering to the system concept" as the principle that economic and social development must follow during the "14th Five-Year Plan"period,and the specific content is:We should strengthen forward-looking thinking,overall planning,strategic layout,and overall promotion,and clearly put forward that in practice,we should grasp the law of development of things from the perspective of universal connection,comprehensive and systematic development and change,and integrate the systematic concept into the whole process and all fields of economic development.The concept of system is not only the fundamental thought and working method that the Party Central Committee has long adhered to in the governance of the country,but also an important feature of Marxist political economy methodology.Only by mastering Marx’s systematic methodology which reveals the essence and internal structure of the capitalist system in Capital can we truly understand the essence and internal structure of the socialist economic system.Therefore,to study the system concept in Capital,on the one hand,it is necessary to return to Marx and better understand the connotation of system concept at the theoretical level;On the other hand,it provides a theoretical basis for the Party Central Committee to adhere to the system concept in the long-term governance of the country,and is the need to align with the new stage of development,implement the new concept of development,and establish a practical framework for new development patterns.The methodology of political economy includes research methods from concrete to abstract and narrative methods from abstract to concrete.Marx’s exposition of the methodology of political economy is found throughout all his works related to Capital,including not only the three volumes of Capital officially published,but also three important manuscripts left in the preparation of Capital’s publication.Therefore,the study of the systematic concept in Capital starts from the text of Capital and related manuscripts,takes the structure of the three volumes of Capital as the main framework,takes some theoretical points in the three volumes of Capital as the main research object,and supplements the relevant economic manuscripts of Capital.By using the method of literature research and analysis and synthesis,this paper gradually reveals the essential characteristics of the system concept as the methodology of political economy.This paper elaborates from the following seven aspects:The first part is the introduction.Firstly,the research background is introduced.Secondly,it expounds the significance of studying the system concept in Capital from the Angle of theory and practice.The research methods and potential innovations are subsequently presented.The second part is the literature review about the system concept Firstly,this paper reviews the methodology,modern system theory and system concept,totality methodology and system concept in Capital respectively,clarifies the difference and connection between system concept and similar concepts,and clarifies the theoretical orientation of system concept.Secondly,the connotation and application of contemporary system concept are reviewed.The third part is the interpretive dimension of system concept in Capital.Firstly,from the abstract and general perspective,the connotation of system concept in Capital is summarized into the follo wing four points:the unity of system research and thematic research,the unity of local system and overall system,the unity of internal relations and external conditions of the system,and the unity of phenomenon and essence.Secondly,it illustrates that bourgeois society is based on capitalist private ownership,and that all production activities of bourgeois society are dominated by capital,so that capital,as the universal light,determines the structure of the three volumes of Capital,and that the understanding of various economic categories in Capital must adhere to the systematic concept and take the movement of industrial capital under the conditions of bourgeois society as the premise.Finally,the system concept contained in the four links of production is analyzed.The fourth part is the system concept in the process of capital production.This paper selects three theoretical points:private labor and social labor,local workers and total workers,internal division of labor and social division of labor,aiming to clarify that the unity of local system and total system is one of the connotations of system concept through logical sorting out the concrete demonstration process of Marx’s division of labor theory.The fifth part is the system concept in the process of capital circulation.From the two dimensions of the circulation of individual capital and the reproduction of total social capital,this paper aims to clarify that the unification of internal relations and external conditions of the sy stem is one of the connotations of the sy stem concept from Marx’s analysis of micro and macro capital circulation.The sixth part is the systematic concept in the total process of capitalist production.This paper selects two theoretical points of the total equation and the term revolution of surplus value to analyze the division of total surplus value by each exploiting class in capitalist society from the perspective of the total process of capitalist production,aiming to clarify that the unity of phenomenon and essence is one of the connotations of the system concept by combing the logic of Marx’s argumentation.The seventh part is the embodiment and application of the system concept in Capital in the new development stage.Focusing on the new development stage,taking the implementation of the new development concept and the construction of a new development pattern as an example,to clarify the system concept that the Party Central Committee has long insisted on in the governance of the country,which is not only the persistence and development of the system concept in Capital,but also the modernization of the system methodology of Marxist political economy in China.更多还原