【作者】 李娜；

【导师】 刘钦荣；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 “不X不知道”是现代汉语中十分常见且使用频率较高的构式之一,学者们对该构式的部件进行过研究,但对构式“不X不知道”的研究却相对较少。本文主要以“不X不知道”为研究对象,在前人研究的基础上,采用构式语法理论从句法、语义、语用、生成动因等四个方面对该构式展开分析。首先通过构式鉴定明确了“不X不知道”是一个构式。通过分析语料,发现语料内部存在结构差异,在语料筛选和分析过程中,文章排除了部分并不符合本文研究范畴的结构。接着阐述了“不X不知道”的实现机制,紧缩结构和其各部件共同发挥作用推动了“不X不知道”整体特性的显现。在句法层面,分析该构式的句法功能,对常项“不”“不知道”以及变项“X”进行解释分析。“不”是对“X”的否定,变项“X”可由动词、动词短语和句子充当,“不X”作为一个前置的否定性条件与“不知道”共同构成整体意义。该结构可以在句中扮演多重角色,如充当谓语、定语、宾语等,还可以作句子分句,位置灵活,可以居于复句的句首、句中或句尾。同时简要考察了与该构式共现的成分,主要有语气词、副词和后置句式。其次本文分析了构式中各部分的语义特征,“不”表现出否定义、焦点标记和主观性的特点,“X”具有动词义、经验义与对比义的语义特点。结合“不X不知道”构式的两个语义“评价义”与“提示解释义”归纳出了构式的构式义为“主观强调义”。接着在语用层面,聚焦于构式“不X不知道”的人际功能和篇章功能,并结合语言经济原则、语体色彩及感情色彩对其进行了细致分析。从立场表达的角度来看,使用构式“不X不知道”能够表明说话人基于个人经验或认知的立场。“不X不知道”的句法特点使得其在语篇中发挥了设立话题和衔接连贯前后成分的作用。它符合语言经济原则,同时该构式为口语语体。从感情色彩的角度来看,构式在具体的语境中可表示褒义、贬义、中性义的感情色彩。最后,本文从生成动因角度对“不X不知道”构式进行了分析,包括时间顺序原则、完形心理和关联理论等方面的解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 The phrase "不X不知道" is one of the very common and frequently used constructions in modern Chinese,and scholars have studied the components of this construction,but there are relatively few studies on the construction "不X不知道".This article mainly focuses on the construction"不X不知道" and,based on previous research,analyzes it from four perspectives:syntax,semantics,pragmatics,and its generative motivation using Construction Grammar theory.First of all,it is clear that "不X不知道" is a construction through construction identification.Through analyzing the corpus,it is found that there are structural differences within the corpus,and in the process of corpus screening and analysis,the article excluded some of the constructions that do not fit the scope of this paper.The mechanism of realization of "不X不知道" is then elaborated,with the tight structure and its components working together to facilitate the emergence of the overall characteristics of "不 X 不知道".At the syntactic level,the syntactic functions of the construction are analyzed by interpreting and analyzing the constants "不" and"不知道" as well as the variant "X"."不" is the negation of "X",the variant "X" can be filled by verbs,verb phrases and sentences,and "不 X" is a negative antecedent that,together with "不知道",constitutes the overall meaning.The structure can play multiple roles in a sentence,such as acting as a predicate,determiner,object,etc.It can also be used as a clause,and its position is flexible,as it can be at the beginning of a compound sentence,in the middle of a sentence,or at the end of a complex sentence.Next,this paper analyzes the semantic characteristics of each part of the construction."不" shows the characteristics of negation,focus marking and subjectivity,"X" has the semantic characteristics of verb meaning,experience meaning and contrast.Combining the two semantic meanings of the construction "不X 不知道","evaluative meaning" and "suggestive explanatory meaning",the construct’s construct meaning is summarized as "subjective emphasis".The construct’s meaning is "subjective emphasis".At the same time,a brief examination is made of the components that co-occur with this construction,mainly including modal particles,adverbs,and postpositional sentence patterns.Then,at the pragmatic level,we focus on the interpersonal and chapter functions of the construction "不 X 不知道",and analyze them in detail in the light of the principle of linguistic economy,stylistic colour and emotional colour.From the perspective of stance expression,the use of the construction "不X不知道" is a way for speakers to indicate a stance based on personal experience or perception.The syntactic features of "不X不知道" make it play the role of setting up the topic and linking the preceding and following components in the discourse.It complies with the principle of linguistic economy,and the construction is colloquial.From the perspective of affective colour,the construction can express positive,negative and neutral emotional tones in specific contexts.Finally,the paper analyses the construction"不X不知道" in detail from the perspective of generative motivation,including the principle of temporal order,Gestalt psychology,and relevance theory.更多还原