【作者】 王丽；

【导师】 杨文胜；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 文物与博物馆（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 西周时期晋南地区拥有得天独厚的地理条件和人文条件,具有“表里山河”的自然特点,是周王朝重点经营和管理的区域。晋南地区存在势力最大的姬姓封国晋国,以及众多各有特色的诸侯国,包括狄人建立的倗国、霸国,在商代基础上分封的黎国以及杨国、霍国、贾国等。本文以经过考古发掘的晋国天马—曲村墓地和北赵晋侯墓地、霸国大河口墓地、倗国横水墓地、杨国永凝堡墓地、黎国西南呈墓地和西关墓地为研究对象,通过研究各诸侯国铜器墓葬和文化因素,以达到对该地区的文化有更加深刻的认识。全文分为五部分:第一部分为绪论。确定选题意义、研究范围及方法,梳理研究现状。主要运用类型学、统计学、文化因素分析法等方法对西周时期晋南地区的五个典型诸侯国铜器墓葬进行研究,进而论述各诸侯国的文化。第二部分为墓葬资料分析。通过类型学研究对晋南地区典型诸侯国的铜器墓进行形制分析,并对出土的青铜器进行型式划分,概括演变规律。在此基础上将晋南诸侯国铜器墓分为三期,分别是:西周早期、西周中期、西周晚期至春秋早期。第三部分为墓葬等级研究。将墓葬划分为三个等级,分别从不同等级与不同时期角度研究墓葬的等级变化,研究显示晋南各诸侯国铜器墓葬的等级差异始终比较明显,不同等级的墓葬在形制、规模和随葬品方面存在明显差异,墓葬规模和葬具随时间早晚变化存在规格逐渐大型化的趋势。第四部分利用墓葬形制特征和随葬青铜器进行文化因素分析。经过研究将文化因素来源分为六组,分别为:商文化因素、典型周文化因素、晋文化因素、北方文化因素、南方文化因素和地方土著文化因素。由此将晋南地区的文化分为三个主要类型:周文化、商文化与戎狄文化,周文化始终是主流文化,商文化的影响从西周早期逐渐减弱直至消失,而戎狄文化则与周文化通过战争、联姻等方式相互影响和交流,最终融入华夏文化之中。第五部分探讨了各诸侯国的文化交流情况及性质,晋国与杨国为典型周代封国,霸国与倗国从不被承认的方国成为被周文化接纳的封国,从原商代封国到周代封国黎国则是代表。各国文化相互交流相互融合成为多元一统的中华文化中不可缺少的一部分。第六部分为结语。晋南地区作为西周时期的重要区域,不仅在周代考古中具有重要的研究价值,同时也是中华文化不可缺少的一部分。晋南地区的文化从各有特色走向一统证明了周文化的包容性,同时也是中华文明多元一统的见证。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the Western Zhou Dynasty,the south of Shanxi Province had unique natural geographical conditions and human conditions,and it was a key area for the Zhou Dynasty to operate and manage.In the south of Shanxi Province,there existed the most powerful vassal state named Jin with the surname of Ji,and many vassal states with their own characteristics,including Peng and Ba,founded by the surname Kui,and Li,which were divided on the basis of the Shang Dynasty,and Yang,Huo and Jia.This paper selects the archaeological excavations of Tianma-Qucun cemetery,Bei Zhao Cemetery,Dahekou cemetery,Hengshui cemetery,Yongningbao cemetery,Xinancheng cemetery and Xiguan cemetery to study the tombs and cultural factors of each vassal state,so as to have a deeper understanding of the culture of the region.The article is divided into five parts:The first part is the introduction.Determine the significance of the topic of this paper,the scope and method of research,and sort out the current status of research.Mainly using typological method and cultural factor analysis method and other methods to study the five typical vassal state bronze tombs in south Shanxi area during the Western Zhou period,and then discuss the culture of each vassal state.The second part is the analysis of burial data.Through typological research,the bronze tombs in seven cemeteries of five typical vassal states in south Shanxi area are analyzed in terms of form,and the unearthed bronzes are divided into types and styles to summarize the laws of evolution.On this basis,the bronze tombs of the vassal states in south Shanxi area are divided into three phases,namely:the early Western Zhou,the middle Western Zhou,and the late Western Zhou to the early Spring and Autumn period.The third part is the study of burial grades.The graves are divided into three grades,and the changes in the grades of the graves are studied from the perspectives of different grades horizontally and different periods vertically,and the study shows that the grades of the bronze graves of all the vassal states in south Shanxi always have obvious differences,and that different grades of graves have obvious differences in the form,scale and burials,and that there is a tendency for the size of the graves and burials to be gradually enlarged with the changes in time.The fourth part utilizes the characteristics of the tomb form and the burial bronzes to analyze the cultural factors.After the study,the sources of cultural factors were categorized into six groups,namely:Shang cultural factors,typical Zhou cultural factors,Jin cultural factors,northern cultural factors,southern cultural factors and local indigenous cultural factors.As a result,the culture of the south Shanxi region was divided into three main types:Zhou culture,Shang culture and national minority culture,with Zhou culture always being the dominant culture,the influence of Shang culture diminishing or even disappearing from the early Western Zhou Dynasty,and national minority culture influencing and exchanging with Zhou culture through wars and marriages,and ultimately integrating into the Chinese culture.The fifth part explores the situation and nature of cultural exchanges among the vassal states,with Jin and Yang as typical Zhou dynasty fiefdoms,Ba and the Peng as fiefdoms accepted by the Zhou culture from unrecognized square states,and Li as a representative of the original Shang dynasty fiefdom to the Zhou dynasty fiefdom.The countries exchanged and merged with each other and became part of the diversified and unified Chinese culture.The sixth part is the conclusion.South Shanxi region,as an important region during the Western Zhou period,not only has important research value in Zhou archaeology,but also is an indispensable part of Chinese culture.The fact that the cultures of the south Shanxi region went from being distinctive to being unified proves the inclusiveness of the Zhou culture,and is also a testimony to the unification of Chinese civilization in diversity.更多还原