【作者】 王冰；

【导师】 陈立中；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 现代汉语中同形异义的歧义现象一直是语言学界的重点、热点以及难点问题。然而在同形异义现象中,尤为特殊的肯定否定义同形歧义结构一直得不到学术界足够的重视和解答。本文的框架走向可以分为三个部分:提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。“提出问题”部分主要为第一章。第一章开篇介绍了三组肯定否定义同形歧义结构及相关概念,说明了研究该问题的必要性,阐述了研究方法和语料来源。近年来随着网络语言的发展,出现了在语义上否定义和肯定义并存、存在歧义情况的“不要太”和“不能再/更”,我们认为它们和“好不”同属于肯定否定义同形的歧义结构,基于这一共同特点,很有必要对这三组结构展开对比研究。随后针对不同的研究问题,我们整理了与之相关的研究成果,梳理后发现:第一,对这三组结构的比较研究是一个全新的研究视角,尤其是“不能再/更”结构出现的新兴用法目前还未引起研究者的重视,仍处于空白阶段;第二,前人研究都存在着许多不足和问题,如三组结构的语音特征缺乏实验考察,XP(三组结构的后接成分)、外部语境上的特征分析得不够准确、全面,目前还未找到有效消解三组结构歧义现象的机制,三组肯定式生成原因依然存疑。“分析问题”是本文的主体部分。从第二章至第四章,我们通过统计、对比的方式对语音、口语、书面文字、网络用语等各种层面的语料进行了具体分析和概括。通过对比“好不XP”、“不要太XP”和“不能再/更XP”三组结构之间的相同点和不同点,分别从结构自身及外部成分的语音特征、XP特征、外部语境特征等三个方面进行详细地阐述、分析和分类,运用表格的形式归纳三组肯定否定义同形结构的共同特征和区别性特征。“解决问题”部分主要包括本文的第五章,在第二章至第四章的语料统计和对比分析基础上,我们探讨了消解歧义的机制和证明三组肯定式同一性两大问题。首先,在区别性语音特征、区别性XP、区别性后续语气词、区别性前置成分、上下文规律的结论基础上,我们总结了三重消解歧义的机制:特殊语音刺激、特殊词汇刺激和客观事实意愿刺激。其次,在语音共性、XP共性、语境共性的结论基础上,我们总结得到:三组肯定式中的“好不”、“不要太”和“不能再/更”语段都为短语型表高程度义的副词(三组肯定式最重要的共性之一),并探究了“否定式提供肯定式语义预设”和“与反问语境关系密切”等其他方面的共性,从多个角度证明了“好不”、“不要太”和“不能再/更”的肯定式属于同一类语法现象,这也是本文将这三个平行结构放在一起比较研究的原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ambiguity of homonymy in contemporary Chinese language has raised lots of attention from linguistics researchers considering its importance and difficulty.However,the existed researches can not be able to solve the problem of the special contronym until now,defined as a word or phrases,which has multiple and opposite meanings.This paper consists of three parts:Problem Introducing,Problem Analysis and Problem Solving.The first part includes the introduction of three ambiguity contronym structures,the necessity of study on contronyms,the research method and the source of corpus,as shown in the beginning of Chapter 1.With the development of network language,"不要太" and "不能再/更" structures have become two groups of new language phenomenon in recent years.This two groups and the "好不" structure all should be regard as ambiguous contronyms,based on their common characteristic.It is necessary to analyze structure of the three groups contrastively.Next,based on existing academic viewpoints and carding research status,many vacancies and deficiencies can be found as follows:1)it is creative to compare the three groups of structure,especially the emerging usage of"不能再/更" structure,ignored by researchers;2)there are many shortcomings and problems in the previous study of the three groups of structures in speech,"XP"(the posterior component),context,affirmation generation and ambiguity elimination.At present,there are no effective ways to resolve the structural ambiguity of the three groups,and the reasons for the formation of the three groups of affirmative meaning are still in doubt."Problem analysis"includes Chapter 2 to Chapter 4.Written and spoken Chinese Language and a variety of network language corpus have been carried on the concrete according to statistics,comparative analysis and summary.Firstly,by comparing similarities and differences between the three groups of structure,conclusions can be drawn from the phonetic characteristics of the structure itself and external components,also the semantic characteristics of XP and external context.Moreover,the tabular is used to inductive common characteristics and difference between three groups,depending on detail elaborated,analysis and classification.Secondly,by comparing "好不 XP","不要太 XP" and "不能再/更XP" structure between affirmative or negative meaning,new points about structure ambiguity causes are put forward.The effective method to reduce the ambiguity of the three groups is also found."Problem solving" is revealed in Chapter 5.Through the material statistics and comparative analysis from Chapter 2 to Chapter 4,three models of ambiguity elimination for the ambiguity structures can be summarized,which contain the special phonetic characteristics,the unique words,the subjective tendency of the speaker and the objective fact in context.On the basis of the commonness of phonetics,XP and context,we conclude that "好不","不要太"and"不能再/更" in the three affirmative expressions are all adverbs of the phrase type with high degree of meaning which is the one of the most important commonalities.We also explore the"negative structures provide affirmative semantic presupposition","intimate relationship with ask context" and other aspects of the commonality.It proves that the affirmative expressions "好不","不要太"and "不能再/更" belong to the same kind of grammatical phenomenon,which is the reason why we put this three parallel structure together in this paper to do the comparative study.更多还原