【作者】 李超；

【导师】 何伟； 沈念俊；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 人工环境工程（含供热、通风及空调等）（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑外窗是建筑与外界环境进行热交换的主要路径之一,其性能直接影响着建筑的运行能耗。光伏窗技术为提升外窗性能提供了新思路,它赋予了外窗利用太阳能进行清洁发电的能力,使建筑从单一的能源消耗者转变为能源生产者,大大提升了节能效益。通风型双层光伏窗相比光伏单层窗具有更好的保温隔热性能。同时,相比光伏中空窗、光伏真空窗,通风型双层光伏窗可以利用空腔通风,解决了空腔过热问题,适用的气候类型也更加广泛。但是由于太阳能得热系数低,通风型双层光伏窗存在冬季太阳能得热量少、保温性能不足的缺点。此外,通风型双层光伏窗采用主动式通风调节,面对气候变化的动态调节能力较差。本文针对当前通风型双层光伏窗研究存在的不足,提出了一种新型的呼吸式铜铟镓硒双层光伏窗系统。该系统利用双金属片根据温度变化而发生形变的特性,将双金属片作为通风口挡板,使其根据空腔温度变化而改变曲直形态,从而改变通风口的启/闭状态。该新型呼吸式铜铟镓硒双层光伏窗系统将具有低温度系数、高光电转化效率、低成本优势的铜铟镓硒薄膜光伏电池技术与被动式动态通风调节技术以及被动式建筑冷却、采暖技术结合起来,使得光伏窗系统能够根据室外气候变化以及室内人员活动变化被动式调整运行模式,动态响应建筑的冷/热需求变化。本文采用冬季工况对比实验与Energy Plus软件模拟相结合的方式,对所提出的新型呼吸式铜铟镓硒双层光伏窗系统的热电性能、综合能耗进行了研究。通过模拟研究了空腔间距、光伏组件透过率对该新型呼吸式铜铟镓硒双层光伏窗的空腔温度、综合能耗等方面的影响,并从提升空腔温度、改善光伏窗综合性能、降低建筑综合能耗这几个角度出发,进一步优化了合肥地区该新型呼吸式铜铟镓硒双层光伏窗系统的空腔间距、光伏组件透过率参数。本文的主要研究结论:(1)在冬季工况下,室内侧通风口的双金属片温控挡板在空腔温度为25℃以上时,通过形变从而打开了通风口,呼吸式铜铟镓硒双层光伏窗转变为内循环模式,向室内输送对换热得热,降低室内制热能耗。带三玻型铜铟镓硒光伏玻璃的新型呼吸式双层光伏窗系统的总得热量高于带中空型铜铟镓硒光伏玻璃的新型通风型双层光伏窗系统,但夜间保温效果较为逊色。前者平均SHGC为0.47,夜间保温系数约为2.5W/(m~2?K);后者平均SHGC为0.42,夜间保温系数约1.5W/(m~2?K),保温隔热性能更优。(2)合肥地区,新型呼吸式铜铟镓硒双层光伏窗系统的空腔温度随空腔间距变大先升高,后降低;随铜铟镓硒光伏组件透过率增大而逐渐升高。随空腔间距增大,建筑净能耗先逐渐下降后逐渐升高,当空腔间距为7cm时,年净能耗最低。随着铜铟镓硒光伏组件透过率逐渐增大,系统净能耗先逐渐减小后逐渐增大,在光伏组件的透过率为40%时,年净能耗最低。(3)新型呼吸式铜铟镓硒双层光伏窗在合肥地区制冷季、供暖季的节能表现较好。在制冷季期间,双金属片温控模式综合节能效果优于外循环模式以及排风模式,其净耗电量比排风模式降低了约14.2%,每平方窗体约节约电量6.98k Wh。在供暖季期间,双金属片温控模式的净耗电量低于封闭模式、内循环模式,比内循环模式降低了约10.5%,每平方窗体约节约电量5.29kWh。更多还原

【Abstract】 Building exterior window is one of the main paths of heat exchange between the building and the external environment,and its performance directly affects the building energy consumption.Photovoltaic window technology provides a new idea for improving the performance of external windows.It gives external windows the ability to use solar energy for clean power generation,transforming buildings from a single energy consumer to an energy producer,and greatly improving energy-saving benefits.Compared with single-layer PV window,double-skin ventilated PV window(DSVPV window)has better thermal insulation performance.Besides,compared with PV insulating glass unit and vacuum PV window,DSVPV window can use cavity ventilation to solve the problem of cavity overheating,and the applicable climate types are more extensive.However,because of the low solar heat gain coefficient,DSVPV window has the disadvantages of low solar heat gain in winter and insufficient thermal insulation performance.In addition,DSVPV window adopts active ventilation regulation,and the dynamic adjustment ability of climate change is poor.In view of the shortcomings of the current research on DSVPV window,this paper proposes a novel CIGSe breathing double-skin PV window(CIGSe BDS window)system.This system uses the characteristics that the bimetal deforms according to the temperature change,and uses the bimetal sheet as the vent baffle to change the curved shape according to the temperature change of the cavity,thereby changing the opening /closing state of the vent.This novel CIGSe BDS window combines CIGSe thin film PV cell technology with low temperature coefficient,high photoelectric conversion efficiency and low cost advantages,with passive dynamic ventilation regulation technology,passive building cooling and heating technology,so that the CIGSe BDS window can passively adjust the operation mode according to outdoor climate change and indoor personnel activity change,and dynamically respond to the change of cooling/ heating demand of the building.In this paper,the thermoelectric performance and comprehensive energy consumption of the novel CIGSe BDS window are studied by means of contrast experiment under winter condition and simulation,using Energy Plus software.Through simulation,the effects of cavity spacing and photovoltaic module transmittance on the cavity temperature and comprehensive energy consumption of the novel CIGSe BDS window were studied.From the perspectives of improving the cavity temperature,improving the comprehensive performance of the PV window and reducing the overall building energy consumption,the cavity spacing and PV module transmittance of the novel CIGSe BDS window system in Hefei were further optimized.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Under winter conditions,when the temperature of the cavity is above 25℃,the bimetal baffle set on the inner vent opens the vent through deformation,and the breathing double-skin PV window is transformed into indoor air curtain mode,which transports heat to the room and reduces the indoor heating energy consumption.The total heat gain of the novel CIGSe BDS window system with three-glass PV glass is higher than that of the novel CIGSe BDS window with hollow PV glass in winter,but the thermal insulation effect is inferior at night.The average SHGC of the former is 0.47,and the thermal insulation coefficient at night is about 2.5 W/(m2?K);The average SHGC of the latter is 0.42,and the thermal insulation coefficient is about 1.5 W/(m2?K)at night,so the thermal insulation performance is better.(2)In Hefei area,the cavity temperature of the novel CIGSe BDS window system increases first and then decreases with the increase of the cavity spacing.With the increase of transmittance of CIGSe PV module,it gradually increases.As the cavity spacing increases,the net energy consumption of the building first decreases and then increases gradually.When the cavity spacing is 7cm,the annual net energy consumption is the lowest.As the transmittance of the CIGSe PV module gradually increases,the net energy consumption of the system first decreases and then increases gradually.When the transmittance of the photovoltaic module is 40 %,the annual net energy consumption is the lowest.(3)The novel CIGSe BDS window has better energy saving performance in the cooling season and heating season in Hefei area.During the cooling season,the comprehensive energy saving effect of the bimetal temperature control mode is better than that of the outdoor air curtain mode and the air exhaust mode,and its net power consumption is about 14.2 % lower than that of the air exhaust mode,and about 6.98 k Wh per square window is saved.During the heating season,the net power consumption of the bimetal temperature control mode is lower than that of the closed mode and the indoor air curtain mode,which is about 10.5 % lower than that of the indoor air curtain mode,and about 5.29 k Wh of electricity is saved per square window.更多还原