【作者】 黄浩；

【导师】 丁富传；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 材料科学与工程， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 超亲水表面是指与水接触时能够迅速分散、润湿或吸附水分的表面,表现出高度的亲水性,通常水接触角小于20°。这些表面通常具有特定的化学结构如羟基,能够与水分子形成氢键,以及具有粗糙的微观形貌,从而增加水分子在表面的浸润能力。超亲水表面在许多领域具有重要的应用价值,如防污自清洁、生物医疗、油水分离、防雾防冻结等。本文采用原位自由基共聚联合冻融的方法制备了丙烯酰胺（AM）与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）共聚物/聚乙烯醇（PVA）复合超亲水水凝胶,通过自由基共聚与后交联法制备了带羟基丙烯酸共聚物/有机硅杂化亲水涂层,并将其应用于油水分离、防雾和抗蛋白吸附。1.CP（AM-AMPS）/PVA水凝胶负载无纺布的制备与应用:以丙烯酰胺（AM）、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）与聚乙烯醇（PVA）为原料,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBAA）为交联剂,过硫酸钾/亚硫酸氢钠（KPS/Na HSO₃）为氧化还原复合引发剂,将以上组份溶于水中,经过浸渍涂布,加温共聚交联及冻融等过程,即在无纺布纤维表面形成了具有双互穿网络结构的水凝胶涂层。通过抗溶胀测试与润湿性测试选择出平衡溶胀比（ESR）为0.37 g/g,水下疏油角为155°的水凝胶配方。在负载该水凝胶后,无纺布具有超亲水性与水下超疏油性能,能够有效地实现油水分离,在100次油水分离循环后依旧保有高达40,000 L/（m²·h）的水通量以及99%以上的分离效率,且对酸,碱和盐环境具有较强的适应性。2.KH-792/P（GMA-MMA-HEMA）超亲水杂化涂层的制备与应用:以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为单体通过自由基共聚制备了含环氧基的亲水丙烯酸共聚物P（GMA-MMA-HEMA）,以γ-氨乙基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH-792）为界面偶联剂和交联剂,与共聚物P（GMA-MMA-HEMA）的环氧基团反应交联,制备了亲水共聚物/有机硅亲水杂化涂层。通过综合比较不同涂层配方的耐水性以及耐磨,硬度和附着力,得到一款平衡溶胀比仅有0.113 g/g,且硬度高达2H,附着力0级的超亲水涂层,所制备的涂层具有良好的防雾效果以及抗蛋白能力,对多种油/水混合物均有27,000 L/（m²·h）的水通量以及99%的分离效率。3.环氧硅溶胶/P（MAA-MMA-HEMA）超亲水杂化涂层的制备与应用:以甲基丙烯酸（MAA）、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为单体通过自由基共聚制备了亲水丙烯酸共聚物P（MAA-MMA-HEMA）;以硅酸乙酯（TEOS）与γ-（2,3-环氧丙氧）丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH-560）为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了环氧硅溶胶。以环氧硅溶胶为界面交联剂与P（MAA-MMA-HEMA）反应交联,制备了具有亲水疏油性能的有机硅涂层。通过比较不同KH-560和环氧硅溶胶的添加量下,涂层亲水性、耐水性以及物理性能的变化,可以得到在TEOS与KH-560的质量比为10.41:11.81且共聚物P（MAA-MMA-HEMA）与TEOS/KH-560的质量比为1:0.2时,环氧硅溶胶的加入使得超亲水涂层物理性能得到提高,硬度达到3H,附着力达到0级,且具有良好的增透效果。适用于油水分离、抗蛋白与防雾等领域。更多还原

【Abstract】 Superhydrophilic surfaces are surfaces that can rapidly disperse or adsorb water and exhibit a high degree of hydrophilicity,typically with a water contact angle of less than20°.These surfaces have specific chemical structure and microscopic morphology that enable formation of hydrogen bonds with water molecules.Superhydrophilic surfaces have important applications in many fields such as antifouling,self-cleaning,biomedical,oil/water separation,anti-fogging,and anti-freezing.In this paper,superhydrophilic hydrogels of acrylamide（AM）and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid（AMPS）copolymer/poly（vinyl alcohol）（PVA）were prepared by in-situ free-radical copolymerisation combining with freeze-thawing.And poly（hydroxy ethyl methacrylate）-based hybrid hydrophilic coatings were prepared by free-radical copolymerisation and post-crosslinking.The coatings were applied for oil/water separation,anti-fogging and anti-protein adsorption.1.Preparation of CP（AM-AMPS）/PVA hydrogel loaded nonwoven fabric:Take acrylamide（AM）,2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid（AMPS）and polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）as raw materials,N,N-methylenebisacrylamide（MBAA）as cross-linking agent,and potassium persulphate/sodium bisulphite（KPS/Na HSO₃）as redox complex initiator.These components were dissolved in deionised water and then impregnated and coated on the nonwoven fabric.Through the radical copolymerization cross-linking and freeze-thaw processes,it forms a hydrogel coating with a double interpenetrating network structure on the surface of the nonwoven fabric.Based on the anti-swelling and wettability tests,a formulation with an equilibrium swelling ratio（ESR）of 0.37 g/g and an underwater oleophobicity angle of 155°was selected for application to the nonwoven fabric.After loading the hydrogel,the nonwoven fabric has superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties,which can effectively retain a water flux of up to40,000 L/（m²·h）and over 99%separation efficiency after 100 cycles of oil/water separation,and is adaptable to acidic,alkaline and salt environments.2.Preparation of hydrophilic copolymer KH-792/P（GMA-MMA-HEMA）hydrophilic coating:The acrylic copolymer P（GMA-MMA-HEMA）was prepared via in-situ radical copolymerisation by using glycidyl methacrylate（GMA）,hydroxyethyl methacrylate（HEMA）and methyl methacrylate（MMA）as monomers,andγ-（Aminoethyl）aminopropyltrimethoxysilane（KH-792）was used as the interfacial coupling and crosslinking agents for crosslinking P（GMA-MMA-HEMA）,the hydrophilic acrylic copolymer/silicone coatings were prepared.By comparing the water resistance,abrasion resistance,hardness and adhesion of different coating formulations,a superhydrophilic coating with a high hardness of up to 2H,an adhesion of grade 0 and an equilibrium swelling ratio of only 0.113 g/g was obtained.The prepared coating has good anti-fogging and anti-protein ability,and has a water flux of 27,000 L/（m²·h）with 99%separation efficiency for a variety of oil/water mixtures.3.Preparation of epoxy silica sol/P（MAA-MMA-HEMA）hydrophilic coatings:The acrylic copolymer P（MAA-MMA-HEMA）with carboxy and hydroxyl groups was prepared via in-situ radical copolymerisation by using methacrylic acid（MAA）,hydroxyethyl methacrylate（HEMA）and methyl methacrylate（MMA）as the monomers,and the epoxy silica sols were synthesized from ethyl silicate（TEOS）andγ-（2,3-epoxypropyloxy）propyltrimethoxysilane（KH-560）by sol-gel method.The epoxy silica sol acts as interfacial coupling and crosslinking agents for crosslinking P（MAA-MMA-HEMA）.To optimize the ratio of the KH-560 to epoxy silica sols,the hydrophilicity,resistance,and physical properties of the coatings were tested and obtained.At the mass ratios of TEOS to KH-560 and P（MAA-MMA-HEMA）to TEOS/KH-560 are 10.41:11.81 and 1:0.2,the addition of silica sol improves the physical properties of the coating with hardness of 3H,adhesion level of 0,and great translucency enhancement effect.This superhydrophilic coating is suitable for oil/water separation,anti-protein and anti-fogging applications.更多还原