【作者】 陈颖；

【导师】 王晗； 姚洪辉；

【作者基本信息】 广东工业大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,纳米纤维在美妆、过滤、生物医用和传感电子器件等众多领域均受到了广泛关注,智能纺织品领域也不例外。由于纳米纤维本身力学性能较为不足,通常会将其加工成纳米纤维纱线,由此提升材料整体强度,拓宽其应用前景。尽管纳米纤维纱线展现出巨大的发展潜力,但目前仍面临着一系列挑战,如制备工艺流程复杂、稳定性有待提高以及纺纱工艺对其力学性能调控机制尚不明确等问题,这些因素均在一定程度上制约了其进一步的发展。针对上述问题,本文基于喷吹静电纺纱工艺技术,设计并搭建了实验装置,优化了喷头与转杯结构,以提升纺纱过程的稳定性。通过实验系统探究各工艺参数对纱线力学性能的影响机制,构建响应面预测模型,并对其应用性能进行测试与验证,为后续研究提供指导。主要研究内容如下:（1）基于喷吹静电纺纱工艺,完成实验装置设计与系统构建。优化沉积转杯结构,提高纺纱稳定性,转杯B可稳定纺纱30 min以上。利用COMSOL仿真分析针口射流流场,探究涡旋流场成因,并通过调控针头及喷头结构优化涡流特性,最终确定20 G针头、5 mm喷头结构。（2）通过单因素实验分析氯化锂含量、纺纱电压、喷头气压、供液速度、收集速度及转杯速度对纺纱过程和纱线力学性能的影响机制。由PB实验筛选出供液速度V₁、收集速度V₂和气压P为关键影响因素,并通过最陡爬坡实验确定最佳工艺参数区间。（3）基于供液速度V₁、收集速度V₂和喷头气压P建立响应面预测模型,分析多工艺交互作用对纱线力学性能的影响机制,并通过实验验证。结果表明,纱线直径为42.56μm时其断裂强度可达195.36 MPa,初始模量可达2236.32 MPa,实际测量值与预测值误差在10%以内,模型对实际生产具有指导意义。（4）基于响应面预测模型制备高力学性能纳米纤维纱线。傅立叶红外光谱分析证实PVDF与TPU成功复合,加入锂盐能够促进聚合物基团相互作用,从而影响材料结晶度和微观结构。亲疏水测试显示初始水接触角128.2°,30 min后降至115°,具一定防水性。压电响应分析表明,纱线压电响应与缝合密度相关,密集缝合时响应电压达220 mV,稀疏缝合时仅有160 mV。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,nanofibers have attracted widespread attention in various fields,including beauty products,filtration,biomedical applications,and sensing electronic devices,with smart textiles being no exception.Due to the inherently limited mechanical properties of nanofibers,they are often processed into nanofiber yarns to enhance overall material strength and expand their application potential.Although nanofiber yarns demonstrate significant development prospects,they still face several challenges,such as complex fabrication processes,insufficient stability,and an unclear understanding of how spinning techniques regulate their mechanical properties.These factors have,to some extent,hindered their further development.To address the a forementioned challenges,this study employs the blow-assisted electrospinning technique to design and construct an experimental setup.The nozzle and rotor cup structures are optimized to enhance the stability of the spinning process.Through systematic experiments,the effects of various process parameters on the mechanical properties of the yarn are investigated,and a response surface prediction model is established.Additionally,the application performance of the yarn is tested and validated,providing guidance for future research.The main research contents are as follows:（1）Based on the blow-assisted electrospinning process,the experimental setup was designed and the system was constructed.The deposition spinning cup structure was optimized to enhance spinning stability,ensuring that spinning cup B could maintain stable spinning for more than 30 minutes.COMSOL simulation was used to analyze the jet flow field at the needle tip,investigating the causes of the vortex flow field.By adjusting the needle and nozzle structures,the vortex characteristics were optimized,ultimately determining a 20 G needle and a 5 mm nozzle structure.（2）A single-factor experiment was conducted to analyze the influence mechanisms of lithium chloride content,spinning voltage,nozzle air pressure,liquid supply rate,collection speed,and spinning cup speed on the spinning process and the mechanical properties of the fibers.The Plackett-Burman（PB）experiment identified the liquid supply rate（V₁）,collection speed（V₂）,and air pressure（P）as key influencing factors.The steepest ascent experiment was then used to determine the optimal process parameter range.（3）A response surface prediction model was established based on the liquid supply rate（V₁）,collection speed（V₂）,and nozzle air pressure（P）to analyze the influence mechanisms of multi-process interactions on the mechanical properties of the fibers,which was then experimentally validated.The results showed that when the fiber diameter was 42.56μm,its tensile strength reached 195.36 MPa,and its initial modulus reached 2236.32 MPa.The deviation between the actual measured values and the predicted values was within 10%,indicating that the model provides valuable guidance for practical production.（4）High-performance nanofiber yarns were prepared based on the response surface prediction model.Fourier-transform infrared（FTIR）spectroscopy confirmed the successful blending of PVDF and TPU,while the addition of lithium salt was found to enhance polymer group interactions,thereby influencing the material’s crystallinity and microstructure.Hydrophobicity testing showed an initial water contact angle of 128.2°,which decreased to115°after 30 minutes,indicating a certain degree of water resistance.Piezoelectric analysis revealed that the yarn’s piezoelectric response was related to the stitching density,with a response voltage of 220 mV under dense stitching and only 160 mV under sparse stitching.更多还原