【作者】 李俊杰；

【导师】 陈熔；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 交通运输硕士（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 单轨列车是轨道交通工具的一种,特点是通过单根轨道支持、稳定和导向;单轨铁路主要应用在城市人口密集的地方,用来运载乘客。跨座式单轨交通系统具有噪声低、爬坡能力强、景观效果好、占用地面资源少等特点,在国内外得到广泛应用。近些年来,随着我国经济的快速发展,从空间上看,交通拥堵由特大城市逐渐向中小城市蔓延。2022年,全国常住人口城镇化率超过65%,近五年每年新增约1800万人口进入城市;城镇化快速发展,城镇人口不断增加,叠加中小城市交通发展基础相对薄弱,造成中小城市交通拥堵问题日益严重。国内中小型城市对便捷高效、经济适用的交通系统需求急迫。《交通强国建设纲要》明确提出,到2035年,智能、平安、绿色、共享交通发展水平明显提高,城市交通拥堵基本缓解。“十四五”规划中提出,到2035年便捷顺畅、经济高效、安全可靠、绿色集约、智能先进的现代化高质量国家综合立体交通网基本建成。单轨列车作为适用于中小型城市,适用于地形复杂城市,适用于旅游景区作为观光工具的交通工具,具有广阔的发展前景。单轨列车依靠转向架实现走行,转向,支撑的功能;走行轮使用橡胶轮胎,在一段行驶时间后会产生较大磨损,橡胶轮胎在行驶到规定里程后需要进行更换,更换轮胎需要单轨列车停运作业。而且单轨列车进行换轮维修操作时间较长,需要购置的预备车辆的数量就会增加,这样就会给单轨列车的运行经济性造成影响,如果能缩短单轨列车换轮维修时间,那么就能提高单轨列车的运行经济性。本文结合中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司“单轨交通系统关键技术及系列产品平台研究项目转向架快速换轮方案研究”项目,设计了符合快速换轮要求的跨座式单轨列车转向架,可以缩短单轨列车换轮维修时间,提高单轨列车换轮工作效率,从而提高单轨列车的运行经济性。对现有跨座式单轨列车换轮维修操作进行现场调研,并统计各流程所耗费的时间,从而找出耗时较多的流程,进行优化分析。在本文中首先通过调研发现现使用的转向架存在可以进行改进的方面,根据调研情况和实际需要设计出符合快速换轮要求的单轨列车转向架,新设计的转向架采用下出轮的出轮方式,设计使用鹅颈式转向架构架配合构架下掐瓦,使走行轮出轮方式从上出轮变为下出轮;重新设计轮轴系统,并且采用了新的防松措施。设计出新转向架后对转向架关键部件进行网格划分,并对该转向架的关键部件进行静力学强度分析,分析其新设计部件静力学性能能满足单轨列车运行强度需求;利用网格划分后的模型进行模态分析,分析出新设计部件的固有频率在规定范围内,并且与其运行环境不会产生共振现象;对使用快速换轮转向架的整个单轨列车系统进行动力学仿真分析,利用Adams多体动力学仿真软件搭建“轨道梁-转向架-车体”系统,对单轨列车动力学性能进行分析,从抗脱轨稳定性、抗倾覆稳定性、行驶平稳性、乘坐舒适性等方面对使用新转向架的单轨列车进行动力学分析,结果表明新设计转向架应用在单轨列车上具有良好的动力学性能,符合跨座式单轨列车的运行要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Straddle monorail is a type of rail transit.It is characterized by single track support,stabilization and guidance.Monorails are mainly used in densely populated urban areas to carry passengers.The straddle monorail system has the characteristics of low noise,strong climbing ability,good landscape effect and less ground resources,and has been widely used at home and abroad.In recent years,with the rapid development of China’s economy,from a spatial point of view,traffic congestion has gradually spread from megacities to small and medium-sized cities.In 2022,the urbanization rate of the country’s permanent population exceeded 65%,and about 18 million new people entered cities every year in the past five years.The rapid development of urbanization,the increasing urban population,and the relatively weak foundation of transportation development in small and medium-sized cities have caused the problem of traffic congestion in these cities to become increasingly serious.There is an urgent need for convenient,efficient and affordable transportation systems in small and medium-sized cities in China.The"Outline for the Construction of a Transportation Power"clearly states that by 2035,the development level of intelligent,safe,green and shared transportation will be significantly improved,and urban traffic congestion will be basically alleviated.The"14th Five-Year Plan"is proposed,by 2035,a modern and high-quality national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network that is convenient,smooth,cost-effective,safe and reliable,green intensive,intelligent and advanced will be basically completed.As a means of transportation suitable for small and medium-sized cities,cities with complex terrain,and tourist attractions,monorail has broad development prospects.The monorail relies on the bogie to realize the functions of traveling,steering and supporting.The rubber tires are used for the running wheels,which will produce greater wear after a period of driving time,and the rubber tires need to be replaced after driving to the specified mileage,and the replacement of tires requires the monorail to stop the operation.And the monorail carries out wheel change maintenance operation time for a long time,and the number of reserve vehicles that need to be purchased will increase,so that the operation economy of monorail can be affected,and if the monorail wheel change maintenance time can be shortened,then the operation economy of monorail can be improved.This article is combined with a rail passenger car company’s“Research project on key technologies and series of products platform for monorail transportation system,research on bogie rapid wheel change scheme”project.The straddle monorail bogie that meets the requirements of rapid wheel change is designed,which can shorten the maintenance time of monorail wheel change,improve the efficiency of monorail wheel change,and improve the operation economy of monorail.The on-site investigation of the existing straddle monorail wheel replacement maintenance operation was carried out,and the time spent on each process was counted,so as to find out the time-consuming process and optimize the analysis.In this paper,it is first found that there are aspects that can be improved in the bogies currently used through research,and the design is carried out according to the research situation and actual needs.The newly designed bogie adopts a new type of wheel ejection.Static analysis and modal analysis were carried out on the newly designed bogie.Ensure that the static properties of the bogie meet the requirements of use,and there will be no resonance.The dynamics of the entire monorail system using the newly designed bogie were simulated and analyzed.The entire kinetic analysis process was performed by Adams dynamic analysis software.The dynamic performance of the monorail was analyzed,and the dynamic analysis of the monorail using the new bogie was carried out from the aspects of anti-derailment stability,anti-overturning stability,driving stability and ride comfort.更多还原