【作者】 王维；

【导师】 薛志东；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 软件工程（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 当前,农产品安全和溯源已成为消费者普遍关心的问题,构建安全、可信的农产品生产、加工、交易可溯源信息管理系统是解决该问题的关键。区块链技术具有去中心化、不可篡改和公开透明的特点。利用其构建一个农产品溯源信息管理系统,可以避免采用中心化数据存储技术的溯源系统面临的数据篡改和造假风险,从而确保农产品溯源数据的真实性和可靠性。根据烟台某公司农产品溯源需求,使用区块链技术设计与实现了一个农产品溯源信息管理系统。主要研究内容包括:1)采用UML建模方法分析功能性需求,结合类图和时序图设计了农产品的生产管理、加工管理、销售管理和追溯管理等功能。2)针对区块链难以存储多批次溯源数据的问题,设计了区块链结合数据库的存储方案。使用数据库存储各阶段溯源信息,提升了多批次溯源数据的关联性和查询速度,同时通过区块链保障了数据库中溯源数据的不可篡改性。3)针对区块链中原有的实用拜占庭容错算法(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance,PBFT)在区块链节点增加情况下共识效率差的问题,设计了一种农产品溯源领域基于节点分组、节点信誉模型和一致性哈希的实用拜占庭容错算法(Trace-PBFT,T-PBFT),降低了区块链服务的响应时间、提升了区块链节点的可拓展性和容错能力。4)采用Spring Boot、Vue和微信小程序等技术实现了上述功能模块;采用Hyperledger Fabric技术搭建了区块链网络,并实现了区块链结合数据库存储以及T-PBFT共识算法。经过系统测试,各功能模块关键接口均能在秒级内响应。同时,区块链结合数据库的存储方案使得溯源信息查询速度提升了58%,而T-PBFT共识算法相较于PBFT共识算法大幅度降低了事务时延并提高了吞吐量。系统能满足农产品生产、加工、销售和物流过程中各个群体的需求,具有实际应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,the safety and traceability of agricultural products have become a common concern among consumers.Building a safe and credible traceable information management system for agricultural production,processing,and trading is the key to solving this problem.Blockchain technology is decentralized,non-tamperable and open and transparent.Using it to build an agricultural product traceability information management system can avoid the risks of data tampering and fraud faced by traceability systems that use centralized data storage technology,thereby ensuring the authenticity and reliability of agricultural product traceability data.Based on the traceability requirements of agricultural products of a certain company in Yantai,a blockchain technology was used to design and implement an agricultural product traceability information management system.The main research contents include: 1)UML modeling method is used to analyze functional requirements,and the functions of production management,processing management,sales management and traceability management of agricultural products are designed by combining class diagram and sequence diagram.2)In view of the problem that blockchain is difficult to store multiple batches of traceability data,a storage scheme combining blockchain and database is designed.The use of database to store traceability information in each stage improves the relevance and query speed of multiple batches of traceability data,and at the same time,the immutability of traceable data in the database is guaranteed through the blockchain.3)In view of the problem that the original Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm(PBFT)in blockchain has poor consensus efficiency when the number of blockchain nodes increases,a Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm(T-PBFT)in the field of agricultural product traceability based on node grouping,node reputation model and consistency hash is designed,which reduces the response time of blockchain services and improves the scalability and fault tolerance of blockchain nodes.4)Spring Boot,Vue and We Chat small program are used to implement the above functional modules;Hyperledger Fabric technology is used to build a blockchain network,and the blockchain combined with database storage and T-PBFT consensus algorithm are implemented.After system testing,the key interfaces of each functional module can respond within seconds.At the same time,the blockchain combined with database storage solution increases the query speed of traceability information by 58%,and the T-PBFT consensus algorithm significantly reduces transaction latency and improves throughput compared to the PBFT consensus algorithm.The system can meet the needs of various groups in the production,processing,sales and logistics of agricultural products,and has practical application value.更多还原