【作者】 魏鹏；

【导师】 任欣欣；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 建筑学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 街道是城市居民进行日常生活、感受城市风景的场所,街道空间是中、微观层次下重要的城市设计对象。提升街道空间品质、改善街道环境不仅是城市环境品质提升与人居环境建设的重要内容,更是城市高质量发展的内在要求。行人在街道步行空间中行进时通过视觉与听觉对街道空间进行感知与感受,良好的街道视听环境有助于提升城市环境品质、推动人居环境建设。当前越发严重的交通噪声污染已成为街道与城市空间品质提升的阻力之一。本研究基于行人在街道步行空间中的视听感知,以临车行路的街道步行空间为研究对象,剖析街道空间形态与交通噪声的评价特征,分析街道空间形态对交通噪声评价的影响规律,以街道步行空间交通声环境舒适性的提升为目标提出街道空间优化设计策略与导则并做出视听要素综合设计示例。本文通过核密度、交通网络接近度分析法对大连市中心区进行分析并选取研究街道。基于客观数据采集、交通噪声模拟、问卷调查方法分析了街道空间形态特点和交通噪声评价特征,初步探寻了街道空间形态综合特征对交通噪声评价的影响。研究发现,临车行路的街道步行空间直接受到交通噪声的影响,交通声级均超过60 d BA;交通噪声的主观评价总体趋向于消极,声舒适度指标更能表达行人在街道步行空间中的实际感受,表现出对声环境的更高要求;步行空间比例、界面密度、绿化数量分别是街道空间形态围合性、连续性、可意向性特征中影响交通噪声评价的重要参量。为了进一步探讨街道空间形态对交通噪声评价的影响规律,以步行空间比例、界面密度、绿化数量为特征参量构建虚拟街道步行空间场景,结合不同声级与交通频率的交通声,开展虚拟现实实验。结果发现,不同声级的交通声舒适度差异显著,交通频率的增大也会导致声舒适度下降;步行空间比例增大时,交通声舒适度评价更加积极,高步行空间比例带来的声舒适度提升更加明显;适中的界面密度会提高交通声舒适度;绿化可显著提升街道步行空间的交通声舒适度,多绿化数量对交通声舒适度的提升更强。基于分析结果与所得结论,本文提出以声舒适性提升为目标的临车行路街道步行空间设计导则,针对交通噪声控制与空间形态要素提出设计方法,对不同类型街道步行空间做出综合视听要素的设计示例,旨在将研究结论应用于街道设计,为微观尺度的城市设计、空间环境优化提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Street space is an essential place for urban residents to enjoy their daily life and urban landscape,and is an important urban design object at the medium and micro levels.Enhancing the quality of street space and improving the street environment is not only an important part of urban environment quality improvement and human living environment construction,but also an inherent requirement for high-quality urban development.When pedestrians walk in the street space,they perceive and feel the street space through visual and auditory senses,and a well-designed street audio-visual environment helps to improve the quality of urban environment and promote the construction of human living environment.Currently,the increasingly serious traffic noise pollution has become one of the resistance to the improvement of the quality of streets and urban space.Based on pedestrians’ audio and visual perception in the pedestrian street space,this study analyzes the spatial form and traffic noise evaluation characteristics of pedestrian streets adjacent to carriageways,and analyzes the influence of spatial form on traffic noise evaluation,and proposes street space optimization design strategies and guidelines with the goal of improving the comfort of traffic sound environment in the street pedestrian space,and makes a comprehensive design example of audiovisual elements.This study analyzes and selects streets in the central area of Dalian city by nuclear density and traffic network proximity analysis.Based on objective data collection,traffic noise simulation and questionnaire survey methods,the spatial form of streets and traffic noise evaluation characteristics are analyzed,and the influence of comprehensive characteristics of street spatial form on traffic noise evaluation is initially explored.It is found that the pedestrian street space adjacent to the carriageway is directly affected by traffic noise,and the sound level exceeds 60 d BA.The subjective evaluation of traffic noise tends to be negative,while the index of acoustic comfort better expresses the actual feeling of pedestrians and their requirements for acoustic environment.The proportion of pedestrian space,interface density,and the amount of greenery are factors that have a significant impact on traffic noise evaluation in the perception of openness,continuity,and imageability of spatial form,respectively.To investigate further the effects of spatial form factors on the acoustic comfort of traffic sound,virtual reality experiments were conducted based on the conclusions obtained from field surveys and simulation studies,with the proportion of pedestrian space,interface density,and the amount of greenery as variables to construct a virtual pedestrian street space scenario,combined with traffic sound considering different sound levels and traffic frequencies.It was found that acoustic comfort varied significantly among different sound levels,and the increase in traffic frequency also led to a decrease of acoustic comfort.Acoustic comfort of traffic sound tends to be more positive when the proportion of walking space increases,and the improvement brought by a high proportion of walking space is more obvious.A moderate interface density will lead to higher acoustic comfort.The inclusion of greenery can significantly improve the acoustic comfort of the pedestrian street space.Greening can significantly enhance the acoustic comfort of traffic sound in street pedestrian space,and the acoustic comfort is enhanced more significantly by more greening.Based on the analysis of the results and conclusions,this research proposes design guidelines for pedestrian spaces on streets adjacent to carriageways with the goal of improving acoustic comfort.The design methods are proposed for traffic noise control and spatial form elements,and design examples are given for different types of street pedestrian spaces with integrated audio-visual elements,aiming to apply the research findings to street design and provide reference for micro-scale urban design and spatial environment optimization.更多还原