【作者】 王琪；

【导师】 李雅男；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 随着互联网技术和大数据时代的不断演进,一系列与网络虚拟财产相关的新型法律问题随之涌现,其中就包括网络虚拟财产继承这一焦点议题。在此背景之下,《民法典》第127条首次以立法形式明确了对网络虚拟财产的保护。但《民法典》中尚未明确规定诸如网络账号等网络虚拟财产是否可以继承,网络账号是否属于《民法典》第1122条所规定的遗产仍有待形成共识。司法实践中,法院对涉及网络虚拟财产继承的案件也未形成统一的裁判意见。尤其是网络账号这类账号型虚拟财产,由于其兼具财产属性和人身属性,在继承领域面临着与用户服务协议格式条款的规定相冲突、与死者和第三人的人格利益保护存在矛盾等现实困境。因此,有必要在对《民法典》第1122条等法律规范进行解释论证的基础上,明确网络账号是否具有可继承性,以及在现行法律制度框架之下探讨网络账号继承的实现路径。在网络账号可继承性的论证上,一方面,无论是从用户服务协议中的格式条款的效力认定出发,还是从死者人格利益的保护、第三人隐私权和通信秘密保护的维度出发,都并无规范依据否认部分网络账号具有可继承性。另一方面,文章在对网络账号进行法律界定和类型划分的基础上,依据《民法典》第1122条对于遗产范围的规定从类型化的视角确立了网络账号继承的标准。其中,符合遗产特征的网络账号可以继承;网络账号中的人身性数据可以限制性地继承;而具有高度人身性的网络账号操作权限依据《民法典》第1122条第2款不得继承。在网络账号继承实现路径的探讨上,首先,对《民法典》《个人信息保护法》等相关条文进行文义解释,明确网络账号继承所应当遵循的规范指引,确立网络账号继承的主体、客体,在已明确部分网络账号可以继承的基础上分类型地探讨如何依照现行法律规范实现其继承。其次,考虑到网络账号继承涉及多方主体,应注重平衡已故用户、网络服务提供者和第三人的多元利益。最后,需从规范价值评估体系与分割方式、公证业务完善、发展继承的托管方案等实践层面完善网络账号继承的配套举措。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous evolution of Internet technology and the era of big data,a series of legal issues related to network virtual property have emerged,including the inheritance of network virtual property.Against this background,Article 127 of the Civil Code for the first time in the form of legislation to clarify the protection of network virtual property.However,the Civil Code has not yet explicitly stipulated whether network virtual property such as network accounts can be inherited,and whether network accounts belong to the inheritance as stipulated in Article 1122 of the Civil Code is still pending consensus.In judicial practice,the courts have also not formed a unified decision on cases involving the inheritance of network virtual property.In particular,due to both property attributes and personal attributes,network accounts face real dilemmas in the field of inheritance,such as conflict with the provisions of the format clauses of the user service agreement,and contradiction with the protection of the personality interests of the deceased and the third party.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify whether the network account is inheritable and to explore the realization path of network account inheritance under the framework of the current legal system,based on the interpretation and argumentation of legal norms such as Article 1122 of the Civil Code.On the argumentation of network account inheritance,on the one hand,there is no normative basis to deny the inheritability of some network accounts,whether from the determination of the validity of the format clauses in the user service agreement,or from the protection of the personality interests of the deceased,the third party’s privacy right and the protection of communication secrets.On the other hand,based on the legal definition and classification of network accounts,the article establishes the criteria of network account inheritance from a typological perspective according to the provisions of Article 1122 of the Civil Code on the scope of inheritance.Among them,the network account that meets the characteristics of inheritance can be inherited;the personal data in the network account can be inherited in a restrictive manner;and the operating privileges of the network account with a high degree of personalization can not be inherited according to Article 1122(2)of the Civil Code.In the exploration of the realization path of network account inheritance,firstly,the Civil Code,the Personal Information Protection Law and other relevant provisions are interpreted to clarify the normative guidelines that should be followed for network account inheritance,to establish the subject and object of network account inheritance,and to explore how to realize the inheritance in accordance with the existing legal norms based on the clarification of the inheritance of some of the network accounts.Secondly,considering that the inheritance of network accounts involves multiple subjects,attention should be paid to balancing the multiple interests of deceased users,network service providers and third parties.Finally,it is necessary to improve the supporting measures for the inheritance of online accounts at the practical level,such as standardizing the value assessment system and the division method,improving notarization services,and developing the custodian program for inheritance.更多还原