【作者】 王静；

【导师】 刘欢；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 应用心理学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 手机成瘾作为一种新型行为成瘾,系指个体因过度使用手机而导致其社会功能受损及心理与行为问题的现象。随着科技的飞速发展,智能手机早已融入人们的日常生活,成为不可或缺的一部分。然而,值得注意的是,智能手机的过度使用可能对学生的身心健康构成严重威胁,具体表现为诱发焦虑、压力、抑郁等一系列负性情绪。而且,长时间沉溺于手机,占用本应正常学习和生活的时间,从而阻碍其学习兴趣的发展,导致学业自我效能感的降低。目前,以往关于手机成瘾的研究多采用横断研究的方法,通过单一时间点收集的数据进行分析,研究表明,手机成瘾不仅会削弱生命意义感和自我效能感,而且低生命意义感和自我效能感反过来会加剧手机成瘾行为的发生。然而,很少有研究采用纵向研究设计来探讨手机成瘾、生命意义感和学业自我效能感之间的动态变化情况。研究采用线上问卷调查,对随州某高职三个年级的学生361名,间隔6个月时间(2023年3月、2023年9月、2024年3月),在每个学期初进行追踪施测三次,调查了个体的手机成瘾、生命意义感和自我效能感,对数据进行交叉滞后分析,结果如下:1.生命意义感与手机成瘾行为之间存在双向的负向预测关系。生命意义感的提升显著减少了学生的手机成瘾行为,而手机成瘾行为的增加则导致生命意义感的降低。2.自我效能感与手机成瘾行为之间存在双向的负向预测关系。高自我效能感的学生较少表现出手机成瘾行为;手机成瘾行为的增加则降低了自我效能感。自我效能感在不同时间点上对手机成瘾的预测效果显著,表明其提升能有效预防手机成瘾行为的发生。3.前一时间点的生命意义感对后一时间点的自我效能感有预测作用,前一时间点的自我效能感对后一时间点的生命意义感没有预测作用;表明生命意义感的提升可以增强学生的学业自我效能感,但是学业自我效能感的提升生命意义感不一定增强。4.在年级和性别方面,分析结果表明,不同年级的学生在手机成瘾、生命意义感和自我效能感之间的关系存在显著差异。大一学生的手机成瘾行为相对较高,但随着年级的升高,学生的生命意义感和自我效能感显著提升,手机成瘾行为逐渐减少。在性别方面,女性学生在生命意义感和自我效能感上显著高于男性学生,且手机成瘾行为相对较少,这表明性别因素在这些变量之间的关系中也起到一定作用。本研究通过纵向数据分析,揭示了生命意义感、学业自我效能感与手机成瘾之间的相互关系,填补了现有研究在动态发展关系上的空白。研究结果表明,生命意义感和自我效能感的提升有助于减轻手机成瘾行为,且在不同年级和性别的学生中存在显著差异。此研究为高职学生的心理健康干预提供了实证依据,并为今后教育实践中的生命教育和手机使用管理提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new type of behavioral addiction,mobile phone addiction refers to the phenomenon that an individual’s excessive use of mobile phones leads to impaired social functioning and psychological and behavioral problems.With the rapid development of technology,smartphones have long been integrated into people’s daily lives and become an indispensable part.However,it is worth noting that the excessive use of smartphones may pose a serious threat to students’ physical and mental health,which is manifested in the induction of a series of negative emotions such as anxiety,stress,and depression.Moreover,being addicted to mobile phones for a long time occupies the time that should be used for normal study and life,thus hindering the development of their learning interest and leading to the reduction of their academic self-efficacy.At present,the previous studies on mobile phone addiction mostly adopted the cross-sectional research method,and analyzed the data collected at a single point in time.The research showed that mobile phone addiction not only weakened the sense of life meaning and self-efficacy,but also aggravated the occurrence of mobile phone addiction behavior by low sense of life meaning and self-efficacy.Few studies have used longitudinal study designs to explore the causal relationship between mobile phone addiction,sense of meaning in life,and self-efficacy.The study used an online questionnaire survey to investigate 361 students from three grades of a vocational college in Suizhou.The survey was conducted three times at the beginning of each semester,with an interval of 6 months(March 2023,September 2023,March 2024),to investigate individuals’ mobile phone addiction,sense of meaning in life,and self-efficacy.Cross lag analysis was conducted on the data,and the results are as follows:First,there is a significant negative correlation between sense of life meaning and mobile phone addiction behavior.The increase of sense of life meaning significantly reduces students’ mobile phone addiction behavior,while the increase of mobile phone addiction behavior leads to the decrease of sense of life meaning.Second,there is a bidirectional negative predictive relationship between self-efficacy and mobile phone addiction behavior.Students with high self-efficacy tend to exhibit less mobile phone addiction behavior;The increase in mobile phone addiction behavior reduces self-efficacy.The predictive effect of self-efficacy on mobile phone addiction at different time points is significant,indicating that its improvement can effectively prevent the occurrence of mobile phone addiction behavior.Third,the sense of meaning in life at a previous time point has a predictive effect on self-efficacy at a later time point,while self-efficacy at a previous time point has no predictive effect on the sense of meaning in life at a later time point.The results showed that the improvement of students’ sense of meaning of life could enhance students’ academic self-efficacy,but the improvement of academic self-efficacy and the sense of meaning of life did not necessarily enhance it.Fourth,in terms of grade and gender,the analysis results show that there are significant differences in the relationship between mobile phone addiction,sense of life meaning and self-efficacy among students in different grades.The mobile phone addiction behavior of freshmen is relatively high,but with the increase of grade,students’ sense of life meaning and self-efficacy is significantly improved,and mobile phone addiction behavior gradually decreases.In terms of gender,female students have significantly higher sense of life meaning and self-efficacy than male students,and mobile phone addiction behavior is relatively less,which indicates that gender factors also play a role in the relationship between these variables.Through longitudinal data analysis,this study revealed the interrelationship between sense of meaning of life,academic self-efficacy and mobile phone addiction,and filled the gap in the dynamic development relationship of existing research.The results of the study showed that the improvement of sense of meaning and self-efficacy could help reduce mobile phone addictive behavior,and there were significant differences among students of different grades and genders.This study provides an empirical basis for the mental health intervention of higher vocational students,and provides a reference for life education and mobile phone use management in future educational practice.更多还原