【作者】 马宁；

【导师】 张玉坤； 张睿；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 食物、能源和水作为支持人类生存的基础性资源,是人类可持续发展的根本保障。在我国城市化进程不断加快的背景下,城市对三种资源的需求和资源短缺现象日益增大,所产生的环境压力也日益加剧。食物、能源和水之间相互关联,彼此依赖,开展三种资源系统的关联性研究是实现城市可持续发展的重要途径。然而,国内既有研究一般仅关注某单个资源系统,对食物、能源和水分别进行评估,相互之间缺乏紧密联系,亟待开展食物-能源-水三位一体的关联性、系统性探索。与此同时,城市资源短缺问题的解决途径需要“开源节流”并举,从节约性思维向生产性思维拓展。本文认为,城市中大量的闲置屋顶,可以作为生产食物、能源和水的物质载体,是解决城市资源供应不足的有利条件之一;如何从资源生产角度对屋顶食物-能源-水系统的关联关系进行综合研究和利用显得十分必要。因此,对城市屋顶食物-能源-水的生产系统展开研究,深入分析三种资源系统的关联关系,并将其运用到生产性系统规划中,在理论和现实上都具有重要的意义。通过对生命周期评估、成本效益分析、多目标优化和耦合协调度方法的综合运用,本文从总体研究、方法研究、实证研究三个方面对社区屋顶生产性系统多目标规划方法展开研究。(1)总体研究:分别梳理了生产性城市理论和食物-能源-水关联关系的研究脉络,从空间尺度、相互作用、协同效应、研究方法等方面对社区屋顶食物-能源-水关联的既有研究进行了归纳总结,明确屋顶生产性系统需要重点解决从优化到决策的多目标规划问题。(2)方法研究:(1)归纳出社区屋顶生产性系统多目标规划的理论框架,其步骤包括多目标优化和多目标决策两个部分。提出了多目标优化目标、原则和方法;并在梳理食物-能源-水的关联作用机理和关联影响机制的基础上,提出多目标决策方法。(2)在梳理生产性策略适建条件的基础上,筛选出适合本研究的候选策略,并对屋顶生产性策略产生的生产效益、环境效益和经济效益进行量化,发现子系统间的关联强度很大。(3)通过场景模拟比较了不同组合、不同布设比例的供需情况和减碳效果,筛选出适宜的组合方式。(4)提出了社区屋顶生产性系统多目标规划流程:为了进一步将系统内部的关联作用运用到方案决策中,在多目标优化环节后,构建了多目标决策模型,即对优化方案的耦合协调性进行决策评估。(3)实证研究:以天津地区典型社区为例,根据其地理位置、所处的自然条件和周边现状的系统分析,按照规划流程的步骤进行相应的操作,得到不同尺度生产性策略的最优布设比例,最后完成样本的屋顶生产性系统多目标规划设计。本文构建了一套具有可操作性的屋顶生产性系统多目标规划方法,为生产性策略提供最适宜的布设比例,并量化其产生的协同效应。研究成果可为城市既有社区屋顶的生产性规划提供新思路,实现了食物-能源-水多种资源与屋顶空间的协同整合,以此来缓解城镇化发展带来的资源短缺、气候变暖等问题,从而有助于城市的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Food,energy and water,as the basic resources that support human survival,are the fundamental guarantee for sustainable human development.With the increasing urbanization in China,the demand for and shortage of the three resources in cities are increasing,and the resulting environmental pressures are growing.As food,energy and water are interlinked and interdependent,research on the nexus of the three resource systems is an important approach to achieving sustainable urban development.However,existing research in China has usually focused on a single resource system,assessing food,energy and water separately,without a strong linkage between them,and there is an urgent need to explore the nexus of the food-energy-water systems.At the same time,the solution to urban resource shortage needs to be a combination of ’open source and low cost’,moving from a conservation to a productive mindset.This paper argues that the large number of unused rooftops in cities can be used as material carriers for the production of food,energy and water,which is one of the favourable conditions for solving the urban resources shortage.It is necessary to conduct comprehensive research and utilize the food-energy-water nexus of rooftop systems from the perspective of resource production.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical importance to study the food-energy-water production system on urban rooftops,to analyse in depth the nexus between the three resource systems,and to apply them to productive system planning.This paper integrates life cycle assessment,cost-benefit analysis,multi-objective optimization and coupled coordination methods to investigate the multi-objective planning approach for community rooftop productive systems from three aspects:general research,method research and empirical research.(1)General research: This study has reviewed the productive city theory and the food-energy-water nexus,summarized the existing research on the food-energy-water nexus on community rooftops in terms of spatial scale,interactions,synergies and research methods,and clarified the need to focus on the multi-objective planning of rooftop productive systems from optimization to decision-making.(2)Method research:(1)The steps of multi-objective planning for community rooftop productive systems are summarized to include multi-objective optimization and multi-objective decision-making.This study proposes multi-objective optimization objectives,principles and methods;and proposes a multi-objective decision-making method based on sorting out the mechanism of the food-energy-water nexus interaction and influence.(2)Based on the sorting out of the conditions for the productive strategies to be built,the candidate strategies suitable for this study are screened out.Then the production benefits,environmental benefits and economic benefits generated by the roof productive strategies are quantified and analyzed,and it is found that there are strong nexus among the subsystems.(3)The supply and demand situation and carbon reduction effects of different combinations and different deployment ratios were compared through scenario simulation,and suitable combinations were screened out.(4)A multi-objective planning process for a productive community rooftop system was proposed: to further apply the nexus within the system to programme decision making,a multi-objective decision model was constructed after the multi-objective optimization session,that is,a decision evaluation of the coupled coordination of optimized programs.(3)Empirical study: Taking a typical community in the Tianjin region as an example,a systematic analysis based on its geographical location,the natural conditions it is located in and the current situation of the surrounding area,the corresponding operations are carried out according to the steps of the planning process.Then this study obtains the optimal deployment ratios of productive strategies at different scales,and finally completes the multi-objective planning design of the rooftop productive system for the sample.This paper constructs an operable multi-objective planning method for rooftop productive systems,provides the most suitable deployment ratio for productive strategies,and quantifies their resulting synergistic effects.The research results can provide new ideas for productive planning on the rooftops of existing urban communities,and realize the synergistic integration of food-energy-water multiple resources and rooftop space,as a way to alleviate the problems of resource shortage and climate warming brought by urbanization,thus contributing to the sustainable development of cities.更多还原