【作者】 李颖；

【导师】 刘云龙；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 力学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 舰艇作为海军利器,若舰载设备遭受攻击发生损坏,则无法顺利完成作战任务。这就要求设备通过冲击试验考核来保证作战所要求的抗冲击能力,而冲击响应谱正是已知作为舰艇设备抗冲击普遍采取的研究方法,能够描述设备受到冲击破坏作用。而且作为设备考核的设计谱的来源,只有通过基于冲击谱的抗冲击考核标准的舰船设备方能用于实践,故冲击谱的真实性是舰船正常运作的重要前提。结构冲击谱如若无法正确描述冲击运动,则设备或舰船结构设计无法良好地适应冲击,从而带来损伤。因此对于冲击谱的研究是至关重要的。同时由于实际的冲击谱会产生谱跌效应,该现象会导致过高的设计值,从而对较大程度影响设备抗冲击性能的考核。此外,我国在谱跌理论应用方面并未有系统的实例分析方案。因此,如何系统有效地分析船用设备在水下爆炸作用下的冲击环境以及更好地控制设备的抗冲击性能,成为了当前亟待解决的问题之一。本文主要针对上面的问题,对船用设备冲击环境及其谱跌现象进行深入研究,并将谱跌理论应用于甲板模拟器中。首先,分析了水下爆炸爆轰过程及载荷传递路径,并从多角度对其形成的理论基础进行了解释,介绍了冲击谱的形成概念、定义和分类,且在单自由度和多自由度系统中对其谱跌效应产生机理进行了验证说明。第二,阐述了模态叠加原理,以单自由度弹簧振子实例分析系统响应与冲击响应谱,并从二自由度质量弹簧系统的角度分析冲击环境的计算与谱跌产生机理。第三,将水面舰船舱段结构为研究对象,介绍了本文中用于分析的舰船与设备有限元模型,解释了ABAQUS非接触爆炸显示动力学,简要说明了基于ABAQUS有限元软件的数值方法,即声固耦合方法原理和主要思路,然后对舱段与弹性安装的简化设备模型进行了水下爆炸冲击仿真,分析了设备安装对于冲击谱的影响。第四,指出了谱跌的控制因素,并通过简单工况设置来验证谱跌效应的影响因素并总结其影响规律,同时也对双层弹性安装的设备的冲击环境进行了研究,此外基于模态叠加原理解耦振动微分方程,从而得出船用设备与安装部位结构耦合相互作用的系统响应计算的理论分析模型并对比数值仿真结果。第五,为了甲板模拟器的系统研究提供一定参考依据,本文分析了甲板模拟器的主要结构,并以浮动冲击平台为基础,参照美国MIL-S-901E设计了真实甲板模拟器结构以模拟舰载设备安装,基于理论分析力学模型,并通过有限元软件的仿真模拟,实现谱跌效应原理的应用,最后从甲板模拟器的固有结构出发,分析验证了其对固有频率的调节作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a naval weapon,if the shipboard equipment is damaged by attack,it will not be able to successfully complete the combat mission.This requires the equipment to ensure the impact resistance required by the operation through the impact test assessment,and the impact spectrum is a widely used research method for the shock resistance of naval equipment,which can describe the damage effect of the impact on the equipment.Moreover,as a source of design spectrum for shock assessment,only the ship equipment that has passed the shock resistance assessment standard based on the impact spectrum can be used in practice,so the authenticity of the impact spectrum is an important prerequisite for the normal operation of the whole ship.If the structural impact spectrum can not correctly describe the impact movement.The design of equipment or ship structure is unable to adapt well to the impact,resulting in their damage.Therefore,it is vital to research the impact spectrum.At the same time,due to the actual impact spectrum will produce spectrum drop effect,this phenomenon will lead to too high design value,which will greatly affect the impact performance of the equipment assessment.Furthermore,there is no systematic example analysis plan for the application of spectral collapse theory in China.Therefore,how to systematically and effectively analyze the shock environment of marine equipment under the action underwater explosion as well as better control the impact resistance about equipment,has become one of the urgent problems that needs to be addressed.Aiming at the above problems,this paper studies the impact environment of Marine equipment and its spectrum drop phenomenon,and applies the spectrum drop theory to the deck simulator.Firstly,the underwater explosion process and load transfer path were analyzed,and the theoretical basis was explained from multiple perspectives.The concept,definition,and classification of the impact spectrum were introduced,and the mechanism of spectral collapse in single-degree-of-freedom and multi-degree-of-freedom systems was verified and explained.Secondly,the modal superposition principle was elaborated,analyzing the system response and impact response spectrum using a single-degree-of-freedom spring oscillator example and examining the calculation of the impact environment and the mechanism of spectral collapse from the perspective of a two-degree-of-freedom mass-spring system.Thirdly,focusing on the hull segment structure of surface ships,the finite element models of ships and equipment used in this study were introduced,along with an explanation of the ABAQUS non-contact explosion display dynamics,numerical methods based on the ABAQUS finite element software,namely the principles of the acoustics-structure coupling method,and the primary approach.The simplified equipment model of the section and elastic installation was used for underwater explosion impact simulation,analyzing the impact of equipment installation on the impact spectrum.Fourthly,the factors influencing spectral collapse were pointed out,and the control factors were verified through setting simple working conditions to summarize the influencing rules of spectral collapse.Additionally,the impact environment of equipment with doublelayer elastic installation was studied.Based on the modal superposition principle,the vibration differential equations were decoupled to derive the theoretical analysis model of system response calculation for ship equipment interacting with the installation structure and compared with numerical simulation results.Finally,in order to provide a reference basis for the systematic study of deck simulators,the main structure of the deck simulator was analyzed,and a realistic deck simulator structure was designed based on the floating impact platform,referring to the U.S.MIL-S-901 E to simulate shipborne equipment installation.The application of the principle of spectral collapse was realized based on the theoretical mechanics analysis model,and the effect of the inherent structure of the deck simulator on the natural frequency was analyzed and verified starting from the inherent structure of the deck simulator.更多还原