【作者】 罗燕；

【导师】 宫婷；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 数量经济学（经济数学）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 企业数字化转型是当今全球经济发展的重要趋势,尤其是在提升企业生产率方面的作用,已经引起了社会的广泛关注。随着技术的不断进步,企业正在逐渐借助新兴的数字技术,如大数据、人工智能、物联网、云计算等,来优化自身的运营模式、提升管理效率、加速产品创新,从而更好地应对市场的快速变化。在全球化背景下,企业的数字化转型不仅关系到其内部效率的提升,也影响其在国际竞争中的地位。数字化转型对企业的生产率有着深远的影响,尤其是在新经济背景下,技术进步被视为生产率增长的重要驱动力。通过自动化和智能化管理,数字技术可以显著降低企业的运营成本、优化资源配置、促进创新能力的提升,进而推动企业生产率增长,实现经济的高质量发展。然而,企业数字化转型的推进并非一帆风顺,很多企业在数字化转型的过程中面临着技术适应性、员工技能升级、转型成本高昂等多重挑战。在不同的产业和地区,数字化转型的效果也存在差异。本文将就企业数字化转型对生产率的影响进行时间和空间上的研究,并通过异质性检验分析不同地区、企业、行业发展的差异,针对性地提出有效建议,为后续研究提供新的视角与思路。本文深入研究了企业数字化转型对生产率影响的时空效应。利用中国A股上市企业2012-2022年的数据进行分析,通过非线性回归、门槛模型对时间效应进行研究,更换解释变量与被解释变量的统计方法作为稳健性检验,利用工具变量法解决模型可能存在的内生性问题,最后进行异质性分析,对比不同地区、所有权企业、行业数字化转型的差异,针对性地提出有效性建议。空间方面,利用空间计量的方法,对数字化转型对生产率影响可能存在的空间效应进行研究,更换权重矩阵的计算方法作为稳健性检验,最后进行异质性检验,分析不同地区的空间效应差异。研究结果表明:(1)数字化转型对企业生产率的影响具有显著的非线性特征,表现为“先增后减再增”的三阶段模式;(2)根据门槛模型的检验结果,在企业数字化转型程度达到2和4的水平时对生产率的影响会发生方向上的变化。根据门槛将企业数字化转型水平程度分为低、中、高三个阶段,在低水平阶段,企业通过数字化技术的应用快速提高生产率,但随着转型进入中期阶段,由于转型成本和技术复杂性增加,生产率的增长出现放缓甚至下降的趋势,当企业迈入高水平的数字化阶段后,数字技术的深度整合重新推动了生产率的上升;(3)空间方面,数字化转型存在显著的分散效应,即在某些数字化程度较高的地区,转型可能抑制邻近地区生产率的提升,尤其是在数字化基础设施尚不完备的区域,企业之间的竞争效应尤为明显。异质性研究发现:(1)从地区方面看:华南地区的企业在数字化转型中表现尤为突出,数字化转型进程较快,生产率提升的效果也最为显著,同时地区的分散效应也十分明显,市场竞争强度大;华东、华北地区同样具备较强的数字技术应用基础,数字化转型对生产率的正向促进作用与空间的分散效应同样较为明显;西北、西南地区地广人稀数字化基础薄弱,数字化转型影响效果有限,但空间分散效应十分显著;(2)从企业类型方面看,私营企业和外资企业在数字化转型过程中受益更多。国有企业转型初期的效果不如私企和外企显著,同样中期阵痛也会比较小;(3)从行业层面看,制造业的数字化转型对生产率的提升效果尤为明显,服务业的数字化转型对生产率的影响较为有限。基于本文的研究,提出如下建议:(1)在宏观层面,数字化转型重要性不断上升,政府应加强数字化转型的战略规划,优化政策支持体系与配套设施建设;(2)针对处于不同转型阶段的企业,转型策略的制定应顺时而为;(3)注重区域间数字化进程的均衡发展,积极推动区域间的数字技术共享与合作,建立跨区域的数字化创新平台,帮助欠发达地区的企业跨越数字鸿沟,快速实现数字化转型提升生产率。更多还原

【Abstract】 The digital transformation of enterprises is a significant trend in the global economy today,especially in its ability to enhance productivity and competitiveness.With the continuous advancement of technology,companies are increasingly adopting emerging digital technologies such as big data,artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,and cloud computing to optimize their operational models,improve management efficiency,and accelerate product innovation.This enables them to better respond to rapid market changes.In the context of globalization,the digital transformation of companies not only enhances internal efficiency but also affects their position in international competition.Digital transformation profoundly impacts productivity,particularly in the context of the new economy,where technological progress is seen as a key driver of productivity growth.By automating and intelligently managing production processes,digital technologies can significantly reduce operating costs,optimize resource allocation,and boost innovation,driving enterprises toward high-quality development.However,the process of digital transformation is not without its challenges.Many companies face difficulties in adapting to new technologies,upgrading employee skills,and handling the high costs of transformation.The effects of digital transformation also vary across industries and regions.This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the temporal and spatial impacts of digital transformation on enterprise productivity,using financial data from A-share listed companies in China between 2012 and 2022.Through nonlinear regression,threshold models,and spatial econometric models,this study thoroughly investigates the mechanisms by which digital transformation influences productivity over time and space.The results indicate that digital transformation exhibits complex nonlinear characteristics over different periods and varies depending on firm type,industry,and region.Research results show that:(1)Digital transformation has a significant nonlinear impact on enterprise productivity,which manifests as a three-phase model of"increase-decrease-increase."(2)According to the threshold model test results,the impact on productivity changes direction when the degree of enterprise digital transformation reaches levels 2 and 4.Based on the thresholds,the degree of enterprise digital transformation is divided into low,medium,and high stages.(3)In terms of spatial aspects,digital transformation has a significant dispersion effect,which may inhibit the increase in productivity in areas with a high degree of digitalization,especially in areas where digital infrastructure is not yet complete,and the competitive effect between enterprises is particularly evident.The study also uncovers heterogeneous effects,finding that:(1)South China leads in digital transformation,experiencing the fastest progress and the strongest productivity gains,but also showing the most pronounced dispersion effects due to intense market competition.(2)Enterprises in North and East China also benefit from digital transformation,though with fewer dispersion effects,while the transformation progress in Northeast and Northwest China lags,yielding limited productivity improvements.(3)In terms of firm types,private and foreign enterprises gain the most from digital transformation,as state-owned enterprises,due to longer decision-making chains,progress more slowly,experiencing less immediate but also less severe midstage challenges.Based on these findings,the paper offers the following policy recommendations:(1)At the macro level,governments should strengthen strategic planning for digital transformation and optimize policy support systems.(2)Policies should align with companies’ varying stages of transformation,offering targeted support.(3)Efforts should focus on achieving balanced digital progress across regions by promoting cross-regional technology sharing and collaboration.Establishing digital innovation platforms can help bridge the digital divide and enable less developed areas to accelerate their transformation and enhance productivity.更多还原