【作者】 杨柳；

【导师】 崔英杰；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 史前考古， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 在古代人类社会中,陶豆作为实用器和祭礼器,对了解新石器时期人类社会的生产、生活、文化等方面具有重要意义。通过对长江中游地区新石器时期陶豆的形态、分布、功能等方面的研究,可以揭示新石器时期文化发展脉络以及文化交流状况。本文的绪论部分主要概述了新石器时期陶豆的研究背景和意义。首先,界定研究对象与时空范围。其次,回顾陶豆的研究现状。最后,介绍本文的选题原因和研究思路及方法。第一章介绍陶豆在长江中游地区的发现情况,陶豆最早发现于大溪文化时期,屈家岭文化和石家河文化时期依然大量存在。第二章以城头山遗址为典型遗址,揭示城头山遗址陶豆的逻辑发展序列。在结合地层关系的基础上,根据豆盘形态分为钵形豆、盘形豆、罐形豆、盆形豆、折腹豆和双腹豆六大类,分时期对其进行型式划分,明确各类陶豆演变序列。根据各类型陶豆在各时期的空间分布,探讨各类型陶豆出现、流行、传播及消亡的过程。第三章探究各类型陶豆分布变化情况,可以观察到在大溪文化时期,陶豆的分布相对分散,但随着时间推移,到了屈家岭和石家河文化时期,陶豆的分布呈现出由分散向集中的趋势,遗址点数量逐渐增加,分布范围逐渐扩大。根据出土陶豆的分布情况,将长江中游地区分为洞庭湖区、峡江地区、汉东地区和南阳盆地四个小区。大溪文化时期以洞庭湖区为中心区,与峡江地区文化交流频繁,两个地区在大溪文化二期时成功整合,在向汉东地区扩展时促使其形成了大溪文化油子岭类型,汉东地区在大溪文化四期时首先发展到油子岭文化,反过来对洞庭湖区和峡江地区产生影响。至屈家岭和石家河文化时期,汉东地区成为长江中游的中心区,向外扩张使其他三个地区成为长江中游的次级区域。通过陶豆的产生和传播,进而探讨长江中游地区与周边地区在新石器时期的文化交流和相互影响,以及这种交流对文化发展的影响。早在皂市下层文化,长江中游地区受跨湖桥文化的影响出现了圈足器。大溪文化时期,长江中游受下游影响较多,诸多陶豆的器形、装饰风格均带有长江下游的文化因素,中原地区和海岱地区受长江流域的影响出现了陶豆,恰逢大汶口文化向外强势扩张,向东进入南阳盆地并对长江中游地区产生间接影响。至屈家岭文化时期,屈家岭文化对外扩张,文化交流更为频繁,各个地区均出现了屈家岭文化典型的双腹豆。第四章探究陶豆的功能变化。介绍大溪文化、屈家岭文化和石家河文化时期陶豆在遗址的房址和墓葬中的出土情形。大溪文化时期在墓葬中出土的陶豆最多,至屈家岭、石家河文化时期在墓葬中出土陶豆的种类和数量都在逐渐减少,用作随葬器的比重逐渐降低,而房址中出土陶豆的比例却在增加。第五章概述本文主要内容,总结全文。更多还原

【Abstract】 In ancient human society,pottery Dou as practical utensils and sacrificial vessels are of great significance to understanding the production,life and culture of human society in the Neolithic period.Through the study of the shape,distribution and function of pottery Dou in the Neolithic period in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,we can reveal the development of culture and cultural exchange in the Neolithic period.The introductory part of this paper mainly summarizes the research background and significance of pottery Dou in the Neolithic period.First,the research object and the scope of time and space are defined.Secondly,the research status of Tao Dou was reviewed.Finally,the reasons and significance of the topic selection,as well as the research ideas and methods are introduced.The first chapter introduces the discovery of pottery Dou in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.Pottery Dou were first discovered in the Daxi culture period,and there are still a large number of pottery Dou in the Qujialing culture and Shijiahe culture period.The second chapter takes the Chengtoushan site as a typical site to reveal the logical development sequence of pottery Dou in the Chengtoushan site.On the basis of the stratum relationship,according to the shape of the Dou,they are divided into six categories: bowl-shaped Dou,disc-shaped Dou,jar-shaped Dou,basin-shaped Dou,folded-belly Dou and double-belly Dou.The types are divided into periods,and the evolution sequence of various types of pottery Dou is clear.According to the spatial and temporal distribution of various types of pottery Dou in each period,the process of appearance,popularity,spread and disappearance of various types of pottery Dou is discussed.The third chapter explores the distribution changes of various types of pottery Dou.It can be observed that the distribution of pottery Dou is relatively scattered in the Daxi Culture period.But with the passage of time,in the Qujialing and Shijiahe Culture period,the distribution of pottery Dou presents a trend from dispersion to concentration,with the number of sites gradually increasing and the distribution range gradually expanding.According to the distribution of unearthed pottery Dou,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are divided into four areas: Dongting Lake area,Xiajiang area,Handong area and Nanyang basin.Daxi Culture period took Dongting Lake area as the central area,and the cultural exchanges between Dongting Lake area and Xiajiang area were frequent.The two areas were successfully integrated in the second period of Daxi Culture,and when expanding to Handong area,they promoted the formation of Youziliang type of Daxi Culture.Handong area first developed Youziliang culture in the fourth period of Daxi Culture,which in turn affected Dongting Lake area and Xiajiang area.In the Qujialing and Shijiahe Culture period,Handong area became the central area of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,and its outward expansion made the other three areas become the secondary areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.Through the production and spread of pottery Dou,it is further discussed the cultural exchanges and mutual influence between the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and its surrounding areas in the Neolithic period,as well as the impact of such exchanges on the cultural development.As early as the lower culture of Zaoshi,the foot ring device appeared in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River under the influence of the cross-lake bridge culture.Daxi culture period,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were more affected by the lower reaches,and many pottery Dou were found in the shape and decoration style with the cultural factors of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The pottery Dou appeared in the Central Plains and Haidai area under the influence of the Yangtze River basin,coinciding with the strong expansion of Dawenkou culture outward,eastward into the Nanyang Basin and indirectly affected the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.To Qujialing culture period,Qujialing culture expanded outward,cultural exchanges were more frequent,and the typical double belly Dou of Qujialing culture appeared in various regions.Chapter four explores the functional changes of pottery beans.Introduce the excavation of pottery beans at the site and tombs during the Daxi Culture,Qujialing Culture,and Shijiahe Culture periods.During the Daxi Culture period,the most pottery beans were unearthed in tombs.By the Qujialing and Shijiahe Culture periods,the types and quantities of pottery beans unearthed in tombs were gradually decreasing,and the proportion of pottery beans used as burial objects was gradually decreasing.However,the proportion of pottery beans unearthed from the house site is increasing.Chapter five summarizes the main content of this paper and summarizes the whole paper.更多还原