【作者】 李冬梅；

【导师】 苏昊；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 应用心理（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 随着青少年的成长,尤其随着“双减”政策的出台,国家要求学校回归到教育的主阵地,意味着学校的教育权力被重申和扩大。而学校氛围既能反映学生所知觉到的学校系统的整体状况,又能影响对学校的体验,所以相对持久而稳定的学校氛围,难免会影响学生的学习投入。资源保存理论认为外在资源需要转变为内部资源,才会对个体产生影响,所以学校氛围需要通过内部因素才能影响学习投入。良好的学校氛围,既可以直接为学生提供支持,又可以引导学校中的各类角色相互帮助,满足学生的基本心理需要,而根植于人类基因中的基本心理需要既能正向预测积极情绪,又能激发学生的学习动机、提高其对学习活动的的参与度。所以,与稳定的人格因素相比,基本心理需要和积极情绪更有可能在学校氛围这一外部因素对初中生学习投入的影响中发挥作用。因此本研究将重点探讨学校氛围、基本心理需要、积极情绪和学习投入的现状和关系,并对基本心理需要进行干预,以改善初中生的基本心理需要和学习投入水平。为了实现研究目的,开展了以下两个子研究:研究一:采用问卷调查法,对S市两所初中的676名学生进行问卷测量,以了解初中生学校氛围、基本心理需要、积极情绪、学习投入的现状和关系,研究结果如下,学校氛围可以正向预测学习投入;学校氛围可以分别通过基本心理需要和积极情绪影响学习投入;学校氛围可以通过基本心理需要和积极情绪的链式中介作用影响学习投入。研究二:在研究一的基础上,以改善初中生基本心理需要和学习投入水平为目标,采用3(前测、后测、追踪测)×2(实验组、对照组)的混合实验设计,对实验组被试开展以提高基本心理需要满足程度为主题的团体心理辅导干预,对照组被试不接受任何干预。得出研究结果如下:团体心理辅导可以有效改善初中生的基本心理需要和学习投入水平,并且干预具有一定的时效性。综上,学校氛围既能直接影响初中生的学习投入,也能通过基本心理需要与积极情绪间接影响初中生的学习投入。基本心理需要的团体心理辅导干预方案的实施也有助于改善初中生的基本心理需要并提高学习投入水平,这对改善初中生基本心理需要和学习投入水平具有积极意义,同时也为基本心理需要的团体心理辅导方案提供了一定的借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 As adolescents grow up,especially with the introduction of the"Double Reduction"policy,the state requires schools to return to the main focus of education,meaning that the power of schools to educate has been reaffirmed and expanded.The school climate,however,both reflects the overall condition of the school system as perceived by students and influences the experience of school,so a relatively persistent and stable school climate inevitably affects students’commitment to learning.Resource Conservation Theory suggests that external resources need to be transformed into internal resources before they can have an impact on individuals,so school climate needs to be internalised in order to influence learning engagement.A good school climate can both directly support students and guide the various roles in the school to help each other and satisfy students’basic psychological needs,which are rooted in human genes and can positively predict positive emotions,as well as stimulate students’motivation to learn and increase their engagement in learning activities.Therefore,basic psychological needs and positive emotions are more likely to play a role in the influence of an external factor,school climate,on middle school students’engagement in learning than stable personality factors.Therefore,this study will focus on the current status and relationship between school climate,basic psychological needs,positive emotions,and engagement in learning,and intervene on basic psychological needs in order to improve the level of basic psychological needs and engagement in learning of junior high school students.The following two sub-studies were conducted to achieve the research objectives:Study 1:A questionnaire survey method was used to measure 676 students in two junior high schools in S city in order to understand the current situation and relationship between school climate,basic psychological needs,positive emotions,and learning engagement of junior high school students,and the results of the study are as follows,School climate can positively predict learning engagement;School climate can affect learning engagement through basic psychological needs and positive emotions respectively;School climate can influence learning engagement through the chain mediation of basic psychological needs and positive emotions.Study 2:On the basis of Study 1,with the goal of improving junior high school students’basic psychological needs and learning engagement,a mixed experimental design of 3(pre-test,post-test,and follow-up test)x 2(experimental group,control group)was used to carry out group psychological counselling interventions for the experimental group of subjects with the theme of improving the level of satisfaction of basic psychological needs,and the control group of subjects did not receive any interventions.The following results were obtained:group counselling can effectively improve junior high school students’basic psychological needs and learning engagement levels,and the intervention has a certain degree of timeliness.In conclusion,school climate can directly affect junior high school students’engagement in learning as well as indirectly affect junior high school students’engagement in learning by influencing their basic psychological needs and positive emotions.The implementation of the basic psychological needs group counselling intervention programme can also help to improve the basic psychological needs of junior high school students and increase their engagement in learning,which has a positive significance for improving the basic psychological needs and engagement in learning of junior high school students,and also provides a certain reference for the group counselling programme on basic psychological needs.更多还原