【作者】 李旭；

【导师】 乔长录； 邵珠林；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 土木水利（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:研究灌区水资源优化调配具有重要的实践意义。科学合理地进行水资源的优化调配是解决水资源问题、确保经济社会可持续发展的重要手段,在有限的水资源下实现效益最大,是优化调配急需解决的核心问题。本文以位于西北干旱区的新疆兵团第三师小海子灌区为研究区域,在对灌区水资源供需平衡进行分析的基础上,研究第三师小海子灌区渠系水资源优化调配问题,为小海子灌区的灌溉水资源合理调配提供技术参考。方法:首先,通过收集小海子灌区作物种植结构、灌溉定额以及供需水等资料,对现状年小海子灌区供需水量进行平衡分析,并预测近期规划年和远期规划年的供需水情况,根据预测结果对小海子灌区规划年的水资源进行供需平衡分析;其次,以供需平衡分析为基础,研究构建第三师小海子灌区渠系水资源优化调配模型,并运用智能优化算法对模型进行求解;最后,运用所构建的渠系水资源优化模型对小海子灌区水资源进行优化调配,得出灌区渠系优化配水方案。结果:(1)供需水平衡分析表明,现状年(2021年)小海子灌区总供水量为5.33×10~8 m~3,总需水量为5.60×10~8 m~3,总需水量大于总供水量,年缺水总量为2.68×10~7 m~3。通过定额法对灌区近期规划年(2025年)和远期规划年(2030年)的需水量和供水量进行预测分析,近期规划年小海子灌区的预估需水量为5.78×10~8 m~3,而预估供水量为5.58×10~8 m~3,缺水量达到1.95×10~7 m~3。远期规划年小海子灌溉区的需水量为5.85×10~8 m~3,供水量为5.70×10~8 m~3,缺水量达1.46×10~7 m~3,通过发挥节水灌溉优势以及逐步落实退耕还林等要求,水资源短缺情况有明显改善但仍可看出小海子灌溉区存在水资源短缺问题。(2)优化算法对比结果表明,对于求解本文所构建的渠系水资源优化调配模型,粒子群优化算法相较于回溯搜索算法有一定优势,以阿克它木干渠及其下级支渠为例,配水时间减少了12.30%,渠系渗漏损失量减少了16.13%。因此,在粒子群优化算法基础上构建的渠系水资源优化调配算法作为渠系水资源优化调配模型的求解方法是可行的。(3)优化调配结果表明,运用本文所构建的第三师小海子灌区渠系水资源优化调配模型,现状年(2021年)小海子灌区优化后配水量与灌区实际配水相比,渠系配水量提高了1.5%,渠系渗漏损失量减少了30.22%,缺水量从2.68×10~7 m~3降低到了1.87×10~7 m~3,缺水率从原来的4.82%降到3.39%,降低了1.43%。结论:本文构建的第三师小海子灌区渠系水资源优化调配模型,对缓解小海子灌区灌溉水资源供需矛盾具有一定现实意义;粒子群优化算法在求解第三师小海子灌区渠系水资源优化调配模型方面比回溯搜索算法更具有优越性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Object:Research on the optimal allocation of water resources in irrigation areas is of great practical significance.Scientific and reasonable optimization of water resources allocation is an important means of solving water resource problems and ensuring sustainable economic and social development,and to achieve the maximum benefits under limited water resources is the core issue of optimization and allocation that needs to be resolved urgently.This thesis takes Xiaohaizi Irrigation District of the Third Division of Xinjiang Corps,which is located in the northwestern arid zone,as the study area,and researches the optimal allocation of water resources in the canal system of Xiaohaizi Irrigation District of the Third Division on the basis of an analysis of the balance of water resources supply and demand of the irrigation district,so as to provide technical references for the rational allocation of irrigation water resources in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District.Methods:Firstly,through the collection of Xiaohaizi Irrigation District crop cultivation structure,irrigation quota and water supply and demand data,the current year Xiaohaizi Irrigation District water supply and demand balance analysis,and predict the near-term planning year and the long-term planning year water supply and demand situation,according to the prediction results of the planning year of the water resources of Xiaohaizi water supply and demand balance analysis;Secondly,based on the balance of supply and demand analysis,the study to construct the third division of the Xiaohaizi Irrigation District canal system water resources optimization deployment model,and use the intelligent optimization algorithm to solve the model;Finally,using the constructed canal system water resources optimization model for the optimal allocation of water resources of the irrigation district.Results:(1)The supply-demand water balance analysis shows that in the current year(2021),the total water supply of Xiaohaizi Irrigation District were 533 million m~3 and the total water demand were 560 million m~3,the total water demand is greater than the total water supply,and the total annual water shortage were26.76 million m~3.Forecasting and analyzing the water demand and supply of the irrigation district for the near-term planning year(2025)and the long-term planning year(2030)through the quota method,the estimated water demand of Xiaohaizi Irrigation District in the near-term planning year are 578 million m~3,while the estimated water supply are 558 million m~3,and the shortfall of water reaches 19.54 million m~3.The water demand of Xiaohaizi Irrigation District in the year of forward planning are 585 million m~3,the water supply are 570 million m~3,and the water shortage are 14.63 million m~3.By taking advantage of water-saving irrigation and gradually implementing requirements such as returning farmland to forests,the water shortage situation has been significantly improved but it can still be seen that there is a problem of water shortage in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District.(2)Comparison of the optimization algorithms shows that the particle swarm optimization algorithm has some advantages over the backtracking search algorithm for solving the optimal water resource allocation model constructed in this thesis,for example,the allocation time of Aktamu trunk canal and its subordinate branch canals has been reduced by 12.30%,and the amount of seepage loss in the canal system has been reduced by 16.13%,so the optimization is obtained on the basis of particle swarm and is used as a method for solving the water resource allocation model.Therefore,the optimal allocation algorithm for canal water resources constructed on the basis of particle swarm optimization algorithm is feasible as a solution method for the optimal allocation model of canal water resources.(3)The results of optimal allocation show that,using the optimal allocation model of canal system water resources in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District of the Third Division constructed in this thesis,the optimized allocation of water in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District in the current year(2021)was compared with the actual allocation of water in the irrigation district,the canal system water allocation was increased by 1.5%,the canal system seepage loss was reduced by 30.22%,and the water shortages were reduced from 26.8 million m~3 to 18.7 million m~3,and the water shortage ratio decreased from 4.82%to 3.39%,a reduction of 1.43%.Conclusion:The optimal allocation model of water resources in canal system in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District of the Third Division is of practical significance to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of irrigation water resources in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District.Particle swarm optimization algorithm is superior to backtracking search algorithm in solving the optimal water resource allocation model of drainage system in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District of the Third Division.更多还原