【作者】 王岩；

【导师】 陈悦华； 陈振颂；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 工程管理， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 随着数字经济的迅猛推进,数字化转型已晋升为各行业实现升级发展的核心战略。作为国民经济的重要支柱,建筑业仍在一定程度上受限于劳动密集和粗放型生产模式,亟需借助数字化转型以达成高效、高质的发展目标。在此过程中,建筑企业,尤其是数量众多的建筑中小企业,扮演着举足轻重的角色。它们不仅是建筑业数字化转型的基石,而且其灵活的组织架构更有利于采纳和融合创新技术。然而,与大型建筑企业相比,建筑中小企业在资源储备、数字技术掌握以及风险抵御能力等方面存在明显短板,这导致它们在数字化转型的道路上遭遇更多且更为复杂的挑战。因此,研究如何系统地辨识建筑中小企业在数字化转型过程中所面临的障碍并运用科学的方法论对这些障碍进行排序和评估,有助于它们精准定位自身问题、合理分配有限资源以攻克关键难题,进而提高数字化转型的成效,具有重要的理论和现实意义。针对上述问题,本研究旨在构建建筑中小企业数字化转型障碍评价体系,并引入群体决策方法构建障碍评价模型。首先,基于技术-组织-环境理论框架,探讨技术、组织和环境三个核心维度,结合文献回顾和专家访谈,归纳总结出14个关键性的数字化转型障碍,并根据李克特五点量表法划分了五个重要度等级。所识别的14个障碍和所划分的五个重要度等级共同构成建筑中小企业数字化转型障碍评价体系。其次,利用概率分布函数表征专家评价信息以刻画评价信息具有的不确定性。然后,引入Fehr-Schmidt模型和社会福利函数分别用于计算专家个人公平关切效用和专家群体公平关切效用,以衡量专家公平关切对群体决策结果的影响。最后,提出社会福利和置信水平最大化驱动的双目标优化模型用于聚合专家评价信息并生成群体意见,根据群体意见获取建筑中小企业数字化转型障碍的评价结果。本研究通过实证案例分析,验证了建筑中小企业数字化转型障碍评价模型的可行性与有效性。案例分析结果显示,该评价模型能够高效地汇集专家个人意见并精准和可靠地反映群体意见与看法,从而有效地识别出建筑中小企业在数字化转型过程中的关键障碍,并据此提供具有针对性的改进建议,这有助于提升建筑中小企业数字化转型的成功率与效果。本研究不仅拓宽了建筑企业数字化转型障碍的研究视角,还探索了切实可行的障碍评价方法,为建筑中小企业审视自身存在的问题,以及探寻数字化转型的最佳路径提供了有力的分析工具。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid advancement of digital economy,digital transformation has become the core strategy for the upgrading and development of various industries.As an important pillar of the national economy,the construction industry is still limited to a certain extent by laborintensive and crude production models,and urgently needs to achieve the goal of efficient and high-quality development through digital transformation.In this process,construction enterprises,especially the large number of small and medium-sized construction enterprises(SMCEs),play a pivotal role.Not only are they the cornerstone of digital transformation for the construction industry,but their flexible organizational structures are more conducive to the adoption and integration of innovative technologies.However,compared with large construction enterprises,SMCEs have obvious shortcomings in terms of resource reserves,mastery of digital technologies,and risk resilience,which leads to more and more complex challenges on the road to digital transformation.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study how to systematically identify the barriers faced by SMCEs in the process of digital transformation and apply scientific methodologies to rank and evaluate these barriers,which will help them pinpoint their own problems,rationally allocate limited resources to overcome the key challenges,and then improve the effectiveness of digital transformation.Aiming at the above problems,this study aims to construct an evaluation system for the barriers for digital transformation in SMCEs and to construct a barrier evaluation model by introducing the group decision-making method.First of all,based on the TechnologyOrganization-Environment theoretical framework,exploring the three core dimensions of technology,organization and environment,and combining the literature review and expert interviews,14 key barriers for digital transformation are summarized and five levels of importance are assigned according to the Likert five-point scale.The identified 14 barriers and the five importance levels together constitute the evaluation system for barriers for digital transformation in SMCEs.Next,the probability distribution functions are employed to characterize the expert evaluation information to portray the uncertainty that the expert evaluation information has.Then,the Fehr-Schmidt model and the social welfare functions are introduced for calculating the individual expert fairness concern utility and the expert group fairness concern utility,respectively,in order to measure the impact of the expert fairness concern on the group decision-making outcome.Finally,a bi-objective optimization model driven by social welfare and confidence maximization is proposed for aggregating expert evaluation information and generating group opinions,and the evaluation results of barriers for digital transformation in SMCEs are obtained based on the group opinions.This study verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the evaluation model for barriers for digital transformation in SMCEs through empirical case studies.The results of the case study show that the evaluation model can efficiently aggregate expert individual opinions and accurately and reliably reflect group opinions and perceptions,so as to effectively identify key barriers for SMCEs in the process of digital transformation and provide targeted improvement suggestions accordingly,which can help to enhance the success and effectiveness of digital transformation in SMCEs.This study not only broadens the research horizons of barriers for digital transformation in construction enterprises,but also explores a practical barrier evaluation method,which provides a powerful analytical tool for SMCEs to examine their own problems and explore the best path for digital transformation.更多还原