【作者】 王宇；

【导师】 丁宇峰； 刘振；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 宅基地制度是具有中国特色的土地制度,在维护我国农村社会稳定,保障集体经济组织内农户的基本居住需求方面发挥着重要作用。但是随着历史进程的深度演变,宅基地制度存在的缺陷也逐渐显现出来,其中宅基地超占已经成为宅基地制度改革中亟待解决的问题,受到的关注度也持续增加。如何从法学视角对宅基地超占进行分门别类的治理,为该问题的解决提供高质量的法治供给,对于宅基地制度改革具有重要意义。绪论部分说明了对宅基地超占进行研究的目的及意义,对国内外的研究动态进行了综述并分析其不足之处,继而明确研究思路和方法,最后指出本研究的创新之处和存在的问题。第一章首先从宅基地超占的实证考察出发,引用官方调查数据和学界来源数据证明我国宅基地超占的普遍性、严重性。其次明确宅基地超占的基本内涵和法律内涵。再次是根据外在表现形式和形成原因对宅基地超占进行分类。最后从宅基地使用权客体、主体和内容等方面分析宅基地超占引发的法律困境。第二章围绕宅基地超占形成的原因来展开。对于合法超占而言,一方面通过梳理法律制度变迁轨迹来揭示宅基地超占的合法性,另一方面通过对买卖、继承和赠与农房导致宅基地超占的案例进行分析,论证宅基地超占的合法性。对于违法超占而言,一方面通过对宅基地审批法律制度的分析,揭示宅基地分配阶段产生违法超占的原因,另一方面通过对宅基地执法制度的分析,揭示宅基地持有阶段产生违法超占的原因。第三章围绕宅基地合法超占的法律治理路径展开。首先通过深入分析,明确对合法超占的解决应坚持“房地分离”原则。其次在物债二分原则下进行权利选择。对当前学界提出的以法定租赁权为代表的债权权利进行反思,分析其自身存在的缺陷以及其在解决宅基地合法超占时面临的困境。再次论证通过引入地上权这一传统用益物权构建宅基地地上权解决合法超占的可行性。最后对宅基地地上权权利体系和具体构造进行论述。第四章围绕宅基地违法超占的法律治理路径展开。一方面通过明确宅基地所有权行使主体、适度限制行政审批权和健全宅基地使用阶段监督体系,对宅基地审批法律制度进行重构,从源头预防宅基地违法超占的发生。另一方面从明确《土地管理法》第78条内涵、严格依法分类处理、引入土地行政公益诉讼三方面,完善宅基地执法制度,实现对实然状态的违法超占进行有效治理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Homestead system is a land system with Chinese characteristics.It plays an important role in maintaining social stability in rural areas and ensuring the basic living needs of farmers in collective economic organizations.However,with the in-depth evolution of the historical process,the defects of the homestead system have gradually emerged.Among them,the over occupation of homestead has become an urgent problem to be solved in the reform of the homestead system,and the attention has also continued to increase.How to manage the over occupation of homestead from the perspective of law and provide high-quality legal supply for the solution of this problem has important significance for the reform of homestead system.The introduction explains the purpose and significance of the research on homestead over occupation,summarizes the research trends at home and abroad,analyzes its shortcomings,then defines the research ideas and methods,and finally points out the innovation and existing problems of this research.The first chapter starts from the empirical investigation of homestead over occupation,citing official survey data and academic source data to prove the universality and severity of homestead over occupation in China.Secondly,clarify the basic connotation and legal connotation of homestead over occupation.The external reason for the formation of super occupied land is to classify and express the form of super occupied land again.Finally,it analyzes the legal dilemma caused by the over occupation of homestead from the aspects of object,subject and content of homestead use right.The second chapter focuses on the reasons for the formation of homestead over occupation.For legal over occupation,on the one hand,it reveals the legitimacy of over occupation of homestead by combing the change track of legal system.On the other hand,it demonstrates the legitimacy of over occupation of homestead by analyzing the cases of over occupation of homestead caused by the sale,inheritance and gift of agricultural houses.For illegal over occupation,on the one hand,through the analysis of the legal system of homestead approval,it reveals the reasons for illegal over occupation in the homestead distribution stage;on the other hand,through the analysis of the homestead law enforcement system,it reveals the reasons for illegal over occupation in the homestead holding stage.The third chapter focuses on the legal governance path of legal over occupation of homestead.Firstly,through in-depth analysis,it is clear that the solution to legal over occupation should adhere to the principle of "separation of real estate and land".Secondly,choose the right under the principle of dichotomy of property and debt.This paper reflects on the creditor’s right represented by the legal lease right put forward by the current academic circles,analyzes its own defects and the difficulties it faces in solving the legal over occupation of homestead.Thirdly,it demonstrates the feasibility of building the right of homestead by introducing the traditional usufructuary right of land to solve the legal over occupation.Finally,it discusses the right system and specific structure of homestead.The fourth chapter focuses on the legal governance path of illegal over occupation of homestead.On the one hand,the legal system of homestead examination and approval is reconstructed by clarifying the subject of homestead ownership exercise,appropriately limiting the power of administrative examination and approval and improving the supervision system of homestead use stage,so as to prevent the occurrence of illegal over occupation of homestead from the source.On the other hand,we should improve the law enforcement system of homestead from three aspects: clarifying the connotation of Article78 of the land management law,strictly classifying and dealing with it according to law,and introducing land administrative public interest litigation,so as to realize the effective governance of illegal occupation in the actual state.更多还原