【作者】 孙亮；

【导师】 李晓风；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 计算机科学与技术， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 非同质化通证基于区块链技术实现了数字资产的权益证明,但难以应用于实物资产化方面。目前,使用非同质化通证对实物进行资产化存在如下问题:(1)难以实现实物资产在链上流通与价值转移;(2)难以解决物理世界和数字世界之间的资产跨域双花问题。针对上述问题,本文将非同质化通证和自动保管箱应用于实物资产的可信确权与流转,提出一种基于非同质化通证的实物上链资产化方法,并根据非同质化通证的铸造、转移和销毁的实际需求,设计支持高并发交易的区块链模型——NFTChain。本文的主要贡献如下:(1)针对实物链上资产化困难问题,提出一种基于非同质化通证的实物上链资产化方法,将实物资产映射到区块链上,在链上铸造其对应的非同质化资产通证,链下将实物资产保存于自动保管箱中,保障实物资产流通的安全可信。该方法借助保管箱锁定实物资产,既实现链下实物资产与链上虚拟资产的强绑定,可避免跨域双花问题,又能对实物资产提供安全保障。(2)针对链上资产通证交易效率低的问题,设计一种支持并发交易的有向无环图结构的区块链模型——NFTChain。通过事务链的账户模型结构,将传统基于智能合约实现非同质化通证转移,改为普通转账交易的方式,降低合约交易的运行对交易确认效率的影响。同时,每个用户都拥有自己的事务链,多个用户可以实现并行转移非同质化通证资产,提升交易的吞吐量,为实物资产上链和交易提供一个高扩展性的区块链平台。(3)根据提出的NFTChain模型,设计并实现一个基于该模型的原型系统,该系统可为用户提供实物资产鉴定、实物资产非同质化通证铸造、转移和销毁等功能,以技术手段实现实物资产规范化价值锚定和安全交易。综上所述,本文将非同质化通证和自动保管箱结合,赋能于实物上链资产化,解决了现有实物资产化方式存在的跨域双花和资产完整性保存问题,也实现实物资产以非同质化通证的方式在链上流通,具有安全性高、可追溯等特点。本文研究内容为实物资产化提供一个新的技术解决思路,可促进非同质化通证等区块链技术进一步脱虚向实,服务于社会实体经济。更多还原

【Abstract】 The non-fungible token(NFT)implemented through blockchain technology provide proof of ownership for digital assets,but is difficult to apply in the context of physical entity assetization.Currently,there are the following issues with using NFTs to assetize physical assets:(1)it is difficult to achieve on-chain circulation and value transfer of physical assets;(2)it is challenging to address the double-spending problem that arises when assets cross domains between the physical and digital worlds.To address the above issues,this paper proposes a trustworthy and transparent approach for assetize physical assets by utilizing NFTs and automated safe deposit boxes.Specifically,we present an on-chain asset assetization method based on NFTs and design a blockchain model called NFTChain to support high-concurrency transactions according to the practical requirements for NFT minting,transfer,and burning.The main contributions of this research are as follows:(1)To address the challenge of assetizing physical assets on-chain,we propose an on-chain asset assetization method based on NFTs.This method involves mapping physical assets onto the blockchain and minting their corresponding NFTs on-chain.The physical assets are stored in automated safe deposit boxes off-chain,ensuring the security and trustworthiness of asset circulation.This method leverages safe deposit boxes to lock physical assets,binding off-chain physical assets and on-chain virtual assets strongly.As a result,it can prevent double-spending issues across domains and provide secure protection for physical assets.(2)Aiming at the issue of low transaction efficiency of on-chain asset token trading,we propose a blockchain model called NFTChain,which utilizes a directed acyclic graph(DAG)structure to support concurrent transactions.By using an account model structure in the transaction chain,NFTChain replaces the traditional NFT transfer implemented through smart contracts with a regular transfer transaction,thereby reducing the impact of contract transactions on transaction confirmation efficiency.Furthermore,each user has their own transaction chain,allowing for the concurrent transfer of NFT assets by multiple users and increasing transaction throughput.As a result,NFTChain provides a highly scalable blockchain platform for assetizing and trading physical assets on-chain.(3)Based on the proposed NFTChain model,we design and implement a prototype system that provides users with physical asset appraisal,NFT minting,transfer,and burning functions.The system employs technical means to achieve standardized value anchoring and secure transactions of physical assets.In summary,this paper combines NFTs with automatic safe deposit boxes to enable the assetization of physical assets on the blockchain.This solution addresses the issues of crossdomain double spending and asset integrity preservation in existing physical assetization methods.It also enables physical assets to circulate on the blockchain as NFTs,which offers high security and traceability.The research presented in this paper provides a new technical solution for physical assetization,which can promote the further integration of blockchain technologies,such as NFTs,into real-world applications and contribute to the development of the real economy.更多还原