【作者】 刘娜；

【导师】 张锦；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 物流工程与管理（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 近些年来,全球范围多地频发的自然灾害严重威胁着人类生命安全,应急医药物资的高效配送对应急救援具有重要意义。目前,仅依托卡车进行应急医药配送主要存在响应速度慢、配送成本高等问题,需要探索高效配送模式以支撑应急救援工作的开展。随着无人机技术快速发展并应用于快递、医疗等多个领域,引起了政府、企业等的关注和重视。然而无人机配送容易受天气、载货量、飞行航程等的影响,可以考虑发挥卡车与无人机两者的配送优势,对于提升末端配送服务能力具有重要意义。本文根据不同的需求点分布、应急医药物资的配送特征等分析了两类五种“卡车+无人机”配送模式下应急医药配送的适用场景。详细阐述了适用于配送急救药品的往复式、遍历式协同配送模式的区别与联系,为本论文研究提供理论支撑。首先研究卡车与无人机往复式协同配送问题。考虑了无人机仅返回到原卡车发射点,且一次飞行服务一个需求点,卡车也可参与应急医药配送情形下,将需求点分为仅卡车配送、仅无人机配送和卡车无人机都可配送的三类,研究以总配送时间最小为目标的路径优化问题。设计一种采用模拟退火操作改进的遗传算法进行求解。结果表明:改进遗传算法具有更快的求解速度和更高的求解质量,求解速度平均提升了17.54%,总配送时间平均节省了6.48%。其次研究卡车与无人机遍历式协同配送问题。考虑无人机可以返回到原来的发射点,也可返回到卡车沿途经过的任一后续的需求点(配送中心),并且一架无人机可以一次性服务多个需求点。考虑配送及时性和经济性,增加应急医药物资配送过程中所需的固定成本、运输成本、制冷成本和货损成本,构建以总配送时间最小、总成本最小的卡车与无人机遍历式协同配送路径优化模型。设计一种结合标签算法改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解,通过算例分析表现出较快的求解性能,可实现应急医药配送的降本增效。最后以四川省某农村偏远地区震后应急医药物资配送为例,通过MATLAB编程求解出卡车与无人机往复式协同配送、遍历式协同配送的路径优化结果。与卡车配送结果进行对比,发现在总配送时间和总配送成本上往复式、遍历式协同配送结果均优于卡车配送,进一步验证了卡车与无人机协同配送可提高应急医药的配送效率。并从无人机的飞行速度、最长飞行时间和最大载重限制等因素进行敏感性分析,探究无人机性能对配送的影响,拓展卡车与无人机在应急医药配送中的应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the frequent occurrence of natural disasters worldwide has seriously threatened human life safety,and the efficient distribution of medical supplies is of great significance for emergency rescue.At present,relying solely on trucks for emergency medical delivery mainly faces problems such as slow response speed and high delivery costs.It is necessary to explore efficient delivery models to support the implementation of emergency rescue work.With the rapid development of drone technology,it has been applied in multiple fields such as express delivery and medical treatment,attracting the attention and attention of governments and enterprises.However,drone delivery is easily affected by weather,cargo capacity,flight range,and other factors.We can consider leveraging the delivery advantages of both trucks and drones.This is of great significance for improving terminal delivery service capabilities.This article analyzes the applicable scenarios of emergency medical delivery under two types and five "truck-drone" distribution modes based on different distribution of demand points and characteristics of emergency medical supplies.Elaborating on the differences and connections between the reciprocating and traversal collaborative delivery models applicable to the distribution of emergency drugs,providing theoretical support for the research.Firstly,the problem of reciprocating cooperation between truck and drone is studied.Considering that drones only return to the original truck launch point and serve one demand point in one flight,and trucks can also participate in emergency medical delivery,demand points are divided into three categories: truck delivery only,drone delivery only,and truck drone delivery.The path optimization problem with the goal of minimizing the total delivery time is studied.Design a genetic algorithm improved by simulated annealing operation for solving.The results show that the improved genetic algorithm has faster solving speed and higher solving quality,with an average solving speed increase of 17.54% and an average total delivery time decrease of 6.48%.Secondly,the problem of ergodic cooperation between truck and drone is studied.Considering that drones can return to the original launch point or any subsequent demand point(distribution center)along the way,trucks can wait for drones to return at any node,and a drone can serve multiple customers at once.Considering the timeliness and economic of distribution,we will increase the fixed costs,transportation costs,refrigeration costs,and cargo damage costs required in the process of emergency medical material distribution.We will construct an optimization model for the truck and unmanned aerial vehicle traversal collaborative distribution path with the minimum total delivery time and cost.Design an improved NSGA-II algorithm combined with label algorithm for fast solution,and demonstrate fast solution performance through example analysis,achieving cost reduction and efficiency increase in emergency medical delivery.Finally,taking a remote rural area in Sichuan Province,which is in urgent need of emergency medicine due to the impact of earthquake events as an example.The specific path optimization results of truck-supported drone distribution,truck and drone collaborative distribution are solved through MATLAB programming.And compared with the results of truck delivery,it was found that the traversal collaborative delivery was the best in terms of total delivery time and total delivery cost,and the results of reciprocating and traversal collaborative delivery were better than truck delivery,further verifying that truck and drone collaborative delivery can improve the efficiency of emergency medicine delivery.The impact of drone performance on distribution is explored through perceptual analysis of factors such as drone’s flight speed,maximum flight time and maximum load limitation.Further more,the application value of truck and drone cooperation in emergency medicine distribution is expanded.更多还原