【作者】 汪洋；

【导师】 耿国盛； 陈爽；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 机械硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 在过去的几十年间,我国水产养殖业得到了迅猛发展,渔业养殖规模正在持续增大。目前我国渔业养殖的方向已从传统盲目追求量的提升,逐渐转向绿色、精准、可持续发展的道路,在水产养殖中水产品的产量与水质品质有重要联系,因此对于养殖水质的增氧、消毒等调控手段必不可少,而正确的调控又需要实时获取水质参数给予水质调控科学的指导。现有的水质调控设备大多为功能单一的增氧机,只对水体进行增氧,没有实时获取养殖水质情况的技术手段。针对以上问题,本文设计并实现了一种基于物联网技术的水产养殖水质调控装备,可实现动态获取养殖水质具体参数,远程控制增氧消毒机完成水体调控。文章的主要研究内容如下:(1)针对于当前水产养殖领域的增氧、消毒装备与水质监测发展现状进行了阐述,总结出我国目前在水质调控领域的短板所在,并规划了本文设计系统的总体架构。同时综合对比了当前主流增氧机的增氧性能,选择曝气式增氧机作为本文装置的设计基础,对增氧消毒机的鼓风机、臭氧发生器、浮力平台以及传输管的结构进行了设计,通过具体计算分析保证各部件满足实际工作需求。(2)对水质调控装备的硬件系统进行了详细设计,介绍水质调控系统硬件部分的总体架构,系统可分为水质检测、数据传输与远程控制三个部分。首先选定了STM32系列芯片作为该硬件系统的核心处理器,并对其最小系统进行了相关设计;然后对水温、PH、溶解氧传感器进行了合理的选型,并对传感器的调理模块进行了电路设计,使其满足单片机A/D转换的需求;其次选择Wi Fi通信完成本系统间的数据传输,对ESP8266模块的工作原理展开描述;最后设计了基于GSM网络的远程控制器,通过绑定小程序端发送指令来实现增氧消毒机的电源通断,达到远程控制作业的目的。(3)进行了水质调控系统的软件开发,首先利用Keil5开发平台,使用C语言编程对水质采集节点和无线数据通信节点进行相关的程序设计,完成下位机的数据检测与数据传输功能;然后选用My SQL进行本系统检测数据的保存,并基于Spring Boot框架进行了上位机监控管理系统的研究,可实现用户登录、调控设备信息管理、水质检测数据管理以及用户信息管理等功能。(4)最后对整体系统进行搭建,分别进行了水质检测精度测试、远程控制可靠性测试以及上位机数据查询测试,采集到的参数与标准值进行对比分析,得到与标准值的平均相对误差分别为3.64%、1.92%、2.33%,表明本系统满足水产养殖水质采集需求;远程控制可靠性测试将手机端小程序绑定控制器,通过远程发送信号测试指令执行效果,多组测试均实现增氧消毒机的正常开关,可靠性良好;最后验证了数据查询功能是否可靠,通过测试得到上位机系统能够实现正常的历史数据查询。本文设计的基于物联网的水产养殖水质调控装备可以有效解决该领域存在的作业单一、水质检测装备综合性差、智能化低下问题,提高了养殖作业效率,降低了人工参与度,具有良好的应用前景,也为水产养殖业的产业升级提供了一定的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past few decades,my country’s aquaculture industry has developed rapidly,and the scale of aquaculture is continuously increasing.At present,the direction of fishery aquaculture in my country has changed from the traditional blind pursuit of quantity improvement to the path of green,precise and sustainable development,in aquaculture,the output of aquatic products has an important relationship with water quality.Therefore,it is necessary to control the aquaculture water quality such as oxygenation and disinfection.Correct control requires real-time acquisition of water quality parameters to give scientific guidance on water quality control.Most of the existing water quality control equipment are aerators with a single function,which only aerate the water body,without real-time access to the water quality of aquaculture to give correct guidance for aquaculture.In view of the above problems,this paper designs and implements an aquaculture water quality control equipment based on the Internet of Things technology,which can dynamically obtain the specific parameters of aquaculture water quality,and remotely control the oxygenation and disinfection machine to complete the water body control.The main research contents of the article are as follows:(1)In view of the current development status of oxygenation and disinfection equipment and water quality monitoring in the field of aquaculture,it summarizes the shortcomings of my country’s current water quality control field,and plans the overall structure of the design system in this paper.At the same time,the aeration performance of the current mainstream aerators was comprehensively compared,and the aeration type aerator was selected as the basis for the design of the machine in this paper.The specific calculation and analysis ensure that each important component meets the actual work requirements.(2)The hardware system of the water quality control equipment is designed in detail,and the overall structure of the hardware part of the water quality control system is introduced.The system can be divided into three parts: water quality detection,data transmission and remote control.Firstly,STM32 series chips are selected as the core processor of the hardware system,and the relevant design of the minimum system is carried out;the water temperature,p H and dissolved oxygen sensors are selected reasonably,and the circuit design of the conditioning module of the sensor is carried out to meet the needs of the A/D conversion of the single-chip microcomputer;secondly,Wi Fi communication is selected to complete the data transmission between the systems,and the working principle of the ESP8266 module is described;finally,a remote controller based on GSM network is designed,which can drive the power supply of the aerator and sterilizer to be powered on and off by binding the applet to send commands,so as to achieve the purpose of remote control operation.(3)The software development of the water quality control system is carried out.First,the Keil5 development platform is used,and the C language is used to save the relevant program design of the water quality acquisition node and the wireless data communication node,and complete the data detection and data transmission functions of the lower computer;then My SQL is used to save the detection data of this system,and based on the Spring Boot framework,the research on the upper computer monitoring and management system is carried out,which can realize functions such as user login,control equipment information management,water quality detection data management and user information management.(4)Finally,the overall system is built,and the water quality detection accuracy test,the control reliability test and the host computer data query test are carried out respectively.The collected parameters are compared with the standard values,and the average relative errors with the standard values are 3.64%,1.92%,and 2.33%,indicating that the system meets the needs of aquaculture water quality collection;the control reliability test establishes a connection between the applet and the controller,and sends a signal remotely to test the execution effect of the command.Multiple sets of tests can realize the normal switching of the oxygenation and disinfection machine,and the reliability is high;finally,verify whether the data query function is reliable.Through the test,the upper computer system can realize the normal historical data query.The aquaculture water quality control equipment based on the Internet of Things designed in this paper can effectively solve the problems of single operation,poor comprehensiveness and low intelligence of water quality testing equipment in this field,improve the efficiency of aquaculture operations,reduce the degree of manual participation,and have good application prospects,it also provides a certain reference for the industrial upgrading of the aquaculture industry.更多还原