【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 赵娟；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【副题名】以北京接诉即办改革为例

【摘要】 基层治理是国家治理的基石,党的十九大以来,党中央、国务院聚焦基层治理,强调推动社会治理重心向基层下移。北京市委市政府以人民为中心探索首都基层治理,创造性形成了以“接诉即办”为牵引的超大城市基层治理实践创新,并从2019年开始在北京全市推广。2021年3月13日中共中央制定的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》中提出“推广‘街乡吹哨、部门报到、接诉即办’等基层管理机制经验”,接诉即办政策创新正在全国间扩散开来。政策创新扩散一直以来都是基层治理的关键一环,如何推动和加快政策扩散直接关系到基层政府治理能力的提升。接诉即办作为一项由北京市基层政府创新形成的治理实践,两年内实现在北京全市的政策创新扩散,又在三年后开始在全国各省之间的政策扩散,那么,在基层政府接诉即办治理实践创新扩散过程中究竟存在何种时空特点,哪些因素在创新扩散过程中发挥作用,值得深入研究。本文运用问卷调查法对北京基层街乡镇负责接诉即办工作的人员进行调研,并收集了89份有效问卷,覆盖北京16个区。并运用实地访谈法对北京8区22个街道55位接诉即办工作人员进行访谈,访谈时长11小时。首先,本文对北京接诉即办政策创新扩散过程进行分析和特征提炼后发现,基层政府接诉即办治理实践的创新扩散在时间上呈现S形曲线,在空间上呈现由点到面、由局部到整体的“涟漪”扩散特征。其次,本文分别就基层政府接诉即办治理实践创新扩散中纵向扩散过程和横向扩散过程进行研究,通过对纵向创新扩散过程中驱动因素的分析探究基层政府接诉即办治理实践纵向创新扩散的运行逻辑,发现基层政府接诉即办治理实践纵向创新扩散是基层政府在多重压力驱动下的强制竞争的结果。通过对横向创新扩散过程中影响因素的分析探究基层政府接诉即办治理实践横向创新扩散的内在逻辑,发现基层政府接诉即办治理实践横向创新扩散是基层政府在效率驱动下的理性选择的结果。最后,基于基层政府接诉即办治理实践创新扩散的逻辑提出市区建立治理实践创新奖励机制、创新容错机制、搭建数字化治理实践创新知识库、搭建政策创新信息共享交流平台等优化策略,以期通过激发基层政府进行治理实践创新的主动性,加强组织间交流学习,促进基层接诉即办治理实践创新良性扩散。更多还原

【Abstract】 Grassroots governance is the cornerstone of national governance.Since the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have focused on grassroots governance,emphasizing the shift of the focus of social governance towards the grassroots level.The Beijing Municipal Party Committee and Government have explored grassroots governance in the capital with the people as the center,and creatively formed an innovative practice of grassroots governance in mega cities guided by the principle of "Swift response to public complaints".This practice has been promoted throughout Beijing since 2019.The 14 th Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China and the Long Range Objectives for 2035,formulated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on March 13,2021,proposed the promotion of grassroots management mechanisms such as quick response to community calls.The policy of handling complaints immediately is spreading nationwide.The diffusion of policy innovation has always been a key part of grassroots governance,and how to promote and accelerate policy diffusion is directly related to the improvement of grassroots government governance capacity.As a governance practice formed by the innovation of grassroots governments in Beijing,the policy innovation diffusion throughout the city of Beijing was achieved within two years,and then began to spread among provinces across the country three years later.Therefore,it is worth conducting in-depth research on the temporal and spatial characteristics and factors that play a role in the innovation diffusion process of grassroots government’s governance practice of accepting complaints and handling complaints.This article uses the questionnaire survey method to investigate the personnel responsible for handling complaints in grassroots streets and towns in Beijing,and collects 89 effective questionnaires covering 16 districts of Beijing.And the on-site interview method was used to interview 55 staff members who received and handled complaints in 22 streets of 8 districts in Beijing,with a duration of 11 hours.Firstly,this article analyzes and extracts the characteristics of the innovation and diffusion process of Beijing’s immediate response policy,and finds that the innovation and diffusion of grassroots government’s immediate response governance practices exhibit an S-shaped curve in time,and a ripple diffusion feature in space from point to surface and from local to overall.Secondly,this article conducts research on the vertical and horizontal diffusion processes of innovation and diffusion in grassroots government’s governance practices.By analyzing the driving factors in the vertical innovation diffusion process,it explores the internal logic of vertical innovation and diffusion in grassroots government’s governance practices.It is found that the vertical innovation and diffusion of grassroots government’s governance practices are the result of compulsory competition driven by multiple pressures.By analyzing the influencing factors in the process of horizontal innovation diffusion,this study explores the inherent logic of horizontal innovation diffusion in grassroots government’s practice of accepting complaints and handling governance.It is found that horizontal innovation diffusion in grassroots government’s practice of accepting complaints and handling governance is the result of rational choices made by grassroots governments under the drive of efficiency.Finally,based on the inherent logic of innovation and diffusion in grassroots government’s governance practices,this paper proposes optimization strategies such as establishing a reward mechanism for governance practice innovation,an innovation fault-tolerant mechanism,building a digital governance practice innovation knowledge base,and building a policy innovation information sharing and exchange platform in urban areas.The aim is to stimulate the initiative of grassroots governments in governance practice innovation,strengthen inter organizational communication and learning,and promote the benign diffusion of innovation in grassroots governance practices.更多还原