【作者】 刘敏；

【导师】 李旭平；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 自Krifka(1995)和Cheirchia(1998)提出无限定词的语言中(如汉语)光杆名词的基本语义为类指后,汉语光杆名词的语义得到学界较多关注。但不同于英语,汉语的光杆名词除了类指解读和无定解读外,还能获得有定解读。汉语学界赵元任(1968)最早指出汉语有一种“强烈倾向”:“主语所指的事物一般是有定的,宾语所指的事物一般是无定的”。后续学者对该倾向进行过较多讨论,大多集中在不符合该倾向的“无定主语句”和语料中宾语有定的情况上。我们通过封闭语料统计的方式,从光杆名词(短语)的修饰性成分、句子的现实性及谓语的相关特征(位置不同的时态标记)三个方面探究可能影响汉语光杆名词(短语)论元有定性解读的因素。我们的数据结果和分析再次证明了Chierchia(1998)的观点:汉语作为无限定词的语言,光杆名词通过语义转换操作得到有定解读,是表有定最倾向使用的形式。此外,我们的统计还表明,相较于有修饰性成分的光杆名词短语,没有修饰性成分的纯光杆名词是更为倾向的形式。句子的现实性、谓语的体标记等与光杆名词短语形式的有定性解读存在一定的联系。非现实的语境因其语义和语用特点,光杆名词短语形式的论元相较于现实句更倾向作无定解读。句法上位置越低的体标记与宾语论元的联系越紧,宾语倾向得到有定解读,但某些动结式因其表“产生”和“出现”的语义,光杆名词形式的宾语只能得到无定解读;体标记位置越高与宾语论元的联系则越松,位置较高的体标记不强调宾语指称而强调事件整体的特点使宾语倾向作无定解读。回指和背景知识得到的有定解读几乎总是使用光杆名词形式,是决定光杆名词论元有定性解读的决定性因素。最后,我们从判断句和信息传递原则的角度回应了第二章中的问题。光杆名词(短语)形式的无定主语句为非主题判断句,具有报告全新事件的话语功能,是主题判断句不能取代的。从信息传递原则上看,语料库中的几类无定主语均不违背“由旧到新”(given-before-new)的原则,光杆名词形式的无定主语与“一量名”形式的无定主语话语功能不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since Cheirchia(1998)proposed that in languages without determiners(such as Chinese),the basic semantic of bare nouns is kind interpretation,the semantics of Chinese bare nouns has received more attention.However,different from English,apart from kind interpretation and indefinite interpretation,Chinese bare nouns can also obtain definite interpretation.Zhao Yuanren(1968)first pointed out that there is a "strong tendency" in Chinese: "The thing referred to by the subject is generally definite,and the thing referred to by the object is generally indefinite".Subsequent scholars have carried out more discussions on this tendency,most of which focus on the "indefinite subject sentence" which does not conform to this tendency and the case of definite object in corpus.By means of closed corpus statistics,we explore the factors that may affect the definiteness interpretation of the argument of Chinese bare noun phrases from three aspects: the modifiers of bare noun phrases,the related features of predicates and the reality of sentences.Our datas and analysis once again prove Chierchia’s(1998)view that Chinese,as an undeterminer language,is the most preferred form to be used when bare nouns are interpreted with definite meanings through semantic conversion operations.In addition,our statistics also show that there is a preference for the form of the pure bare noun without the modifier compared to that with modifier.The reality of the sentence and the tense marker of the predicate are related to the definiteness reading of the bare noun phrase.Because of the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the irrealis context,the argument of the bare noun phrase is more prone to indefinite interpretation than that of the realis sentence.Syntactically,the lower the position of the tense marker,the closer the relation with the object argument;the object tendency to get definite interpretation.However,because of the semantics of "produce" and "appear",the object in the bare noun phrases can only get indefinite interpretation.The higher the position of tense marker,the looser the connection with object argument.Instead of emphasizing object reference,object tends to be interpreted indefinite.The definite interpretation obtained by anaphora and background knowledge almost always uses the bare noun form without modifier,which is the dominant factor that determines the definiteness interpretation of bare noun phrases.Finally,we respond to the questions in Chapter 2 from the perspective of information structure.The indefinite subject sentence in the form of a bare noun phrase is thematic judgement sentence which has the function of reporting a new event and cannot be replaced.From the Given-before-new principle,several classes of indefinite subject in our corpus do not violate it,and the discourse function of indefinite subject in the form of bare noun phrase is different from that in the form of "yi-classifier(cl)NP".更多还原