【作者】 刘栋；

【导师】 王守相； 王传启；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,传统化石能源的大量消耗,导致全球能源危机与环境问题日益严峻。为降低碳排放、有效应对全球气候变化问题,我国提出了“碳达峰”和“碳中和”目标,致力于加快能源供给结构转型,构建清洁低碳、安全高效能源体系。其中,使用可再生清洁能源的发电技术替代传统火电厂、推广以电动汽车为主的新能源汽车取代传统化石燃料汽车是构建新型能源体系关键手段。但电动汽车充电与可再生能源发电都具有较大的随机性和间歇性,给配电网带来了新的挑战。合理的规划策略能够很大程度减轻电动汽车和分布式电源接入给电力系统带来的冲击,推动二者的发展。在此背景下,本文开展了协同考虑交通网与配电网的电动汽车充电桩与分布式电源的多阶段规划方法研究,主要工作如下:(1)提出了一种基于Monte Carlo抽样与Wardrop原则的电动汽车车流量分布的模拟方法。首先研究分析交通网络拓扑连接、通行费时和载流能力等特性,建立精细化的城市交通网络系统数学模型,然后分析系统的O-D(OriginDestination)需求,采用Monte Carlo抽样的方法模拟不同场景下的O-D需求,最后基于Wardrop用户平衡配流原则,通过F-W算法快速准确求得不同场景下的交通网络车流量分布,该方法最大程度还原了电动汽车的真实交通分布情况。(2)考虑时序特性建立不同场景的分布式电源出力与常规负荷用电情况。首先研究分布式光伏、储能和微型燃气轮机的出力特点,建立相关数学模型,然后分析不同用电领域的常规负荷时序性特点,建立模拟常规负荷用电的截断Gaussian分布模型,最后分季节、时段,抽样形成分布式电源出力和常规负荷用电的多时序性场景,该方法为规划提供了能充分表征实际情况的数据支撑,同时减少了计算量。(3)提出了一种电动汽车充电桩与分布式电源协同的多目标、多阶段规划方法。首先从配电网、用户和运营商多个角度出发,建立了包含经济性目标、用户用电满意度目标和碳排放目标在内的多目标规划体系,然后针对多阶段规划的特点,提出一种基于DEA评价方法的多阶段规划模型,最后提出一种自适应邻域和搜索步的改进自由搜索算法,用以求解多维度、多目标、非线性的复杂规划问题。(4)验证分析所提规划策略的有效性与可行性。以IEEE33节点配电网与12节点交通网耦合系统为算例,通过改进的自由搜索算法求解各阶段电动汽车充电桩与分布式电源的最优选址定容方案,分析论证了本文所提多场景、多目标、多阶段规划策略的可行性与应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the massive consumption of traditional fossil energy such as oil,natural gas and coal has led to the continuous increase of global carbon emissions,and the energy crisis and environmental problems have become increasingly severe.In order to reduce carbon emissions and effectively respond to global climate change,China has put forward the goals of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality",and is committed to accelerating the transformation of energy supply structure and building a clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient energy system.And the use of renewable clean energy power generation technology to replace traditional thermal power plants,the promotion of electric vehicle to replace traditional fossil fuel vehicles is the key means to build a new energy system.However,both EV charging behavior and renewable energy generation have great randomness and intermittence,which brings new challenges to distribution network planning.Reasonable planning strategy can greatly reduce the impact of EVs and DGs and promote the development of them.In this context,this thesis proposes a multi-stage planning strategy for EV charging piles and DGs that synergistically considers the transportation network and distribution network.The main research contents are as follows.(1)A simulation method of electric vehicle flow distribution based on Monte Carlo sampling and Wardrop principle is proposed.Firstly,study the characteristics of traffic network such as topology connection,travel time and current-carrying capacity,and establish a fine mathematical model of urban traffic network system.Then the O-D demand of the system is analyzed,and the Monte Carlo sampling method is used to simulate the O-D demand of different scenarios.Finally,based on the Wardrop principle of balanced flow distribution of users,the F-W algorithm is used to quickly and accurately obtain the traffic flow distribution of the traffic network in different scenarios,this method restores the real traffic distribution of electric vehicles.(2)The output of distributed power supply and the power consumption of conventional load in different scenarios are established considering the timing characteristics.Firstly,the output characteristics of distributed PV,ESS and MT are studied,and relevant mathematical models are established.Then,the timing characteristics of conventional loads in different electricity consumption fields are analyzed,and the truncated Gaussian distribution model is established to simulate conventional load electricity consumption.Finally,sampling is divided into seasons and periods to form multi-temporal scenarios of distributed power output and conventional load power consumption,this method can provide data support for planning and reduce the amount of calculation.(3)A multi-objective and multi-stage planning method for e EV charging piles and DGs is proposed.Firstly,a multi-objective planning system including economic objectives,customer satisfaction objectives and carbon emission objectives is established from the perspectives of distribution network,users and operators.Then,the characteristics of multi-stage planning are studied and a multi-stage planning model based on DEA evaluation method is proposed.Finally,an improved free search algorithm based on adaptive neighborhood and search step is proposed to solve multidimensional,multi-objective and nonlinear complex programming problems.(4)The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed planning strategy is verified.Taking the coupling system of IEEE 33-bus distribution network and 12-node transportation network as an example,the improved free search algorithm was used to solve the optimal site selection and volume determination scheme of EV charging piles and DGs at each stage,and the feasibility and application value of the multi-scene,multi-objective and multi-stage planning strategy proposed in this paper were analyzed and demonstrated.更多还原