【作者】 李锐；

【导师】 赵纪军；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 风景园林学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 中国风景园林具有自身独特的价值体系和精神世界,只有挖掘蕴藏其中的中国人的宇宙观、社会观和人生观,才能展现作为中华文明特殊分支的风景园林之人文底蕴。《庄子》一书奠定了中国古代审美的基础,其中诸多典故成为后世重要的造景意象。“庄学”是指由于解《庄》、释《庄》以及相关文艺创作与研究过程中产生的学术活动门类,此活动对于中国风景园林意境理论与景观体验有着重要的影响,二者存在密切的影响机制。意象思维不仅是庄子阐释自身哲学体系的基本模式,也是典出《庄子》的意象用于风景园林营造的基本手法。但是,目前研究中缺少系统阐述典出《庄子》的造景意象及相关意象思维理论的研究。本文从庄学思想对风景园林影响的历史与文化背景、典出《庄子》的造景意象以及庄学思想与风景园林学科意象思维三大方面展开,研究目的和意义在于:(1)梳理典出《庄子》的造景意象,为中国古代风景、园林的造景研究提供系统的理论;(2)分析现有对于典出《庄子》的造景意象的研究的漏洞与谬误,更正错误的认识观念;(3)从历史、文化的背景,总结《庄子》与庄学发展对于中国古代风景园林理论构建与营造实践的指导作用;(4)进一步探寻庄学与风景园林学科的意象思维之间的关系,探究庄学思想下中国风景园林独特的运行机制。运用文献研究法、对比考证法和实地调研法,发现大量以往研究中被忽视的与风景园林历史理论研究相关的出土文献,如甲骨、青铜器、简帛,以及稀有古籍。研究发现:(1)用典《庄子》作为造景意象主要集中在“逍遥”“梦蝶”“濠濮”和“不系舟”,并且各自有着独特的造景意象和历史流变;(2)造景者运用《庄子》中的典故进行风景、园林营造,将庄子思想、造景者与观景者的生命体验以及实地的环境相互链接,通过体味突破时空禁锢的意境,形成用典《庄子》特有的造景意象的特征;(3)庄子物象——语象——意象的体验方式奠定了中国风景园林意境审美的哲学基础,构成景象——意象——意境的风景园林体验方式的基础,《内七篇》的主要思想与中国古代风景园林意境体验存在影响机制;(4)意象思维影响下的“风”“景”“风景”字词的产生与形成过程中受到庄子“风”喻“道”、“景”表“象”观念的影响,“园”字的形成与演变过程充分显示中国古代园林秉承“天人合一”观念的内在原因,与庄子“道枢”理念相一致,表明中国园林的“象天法地”“移天缩地”宇宙性的文化渊源。研究创新点在于:(1)引进其他文史学科的研究内容,如古文字、金石等,侧面论证风景园林学科相关问题;(2)改进风景园林历史的研究方法,总结一种新颖的针对风景园林学科特点的历史研究方法;(3)从庄学与风景园林学科的意象思维的角度分析风景园林历史问题,更加触及学科根本。本研究旨在通过研究典出《庄子》的造景意象,得到庄子思想指导风景园林营造的影响过程,并分析庄学发展的历史文化背景对于风景园林的影响,最后对庄学思想与风景园林意象思维的关系再探讨,总结《庄子》及其后学对于中国古代风景园林理论与实践影响的运行系统,巩固学科基本理论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese landscape architecture has its own unique value system and spiritual world.Only by digging out the world outlook and social outlook,can we show the humanistic heritage of landscape architecture as a special branch of Chinese civilization.The book Zhuangzi laid the foundation of ancient Chinese aesthetics,with many allusions becoming important landscape imagery in later generations."Zhuangxue" refers to the academic activities generated in the process of understanding Zhuangzi,interpreting Zhuangzi,and related literary creation and research.This activity has an important impact on the Chinese landscape architecture artistic conception theory and landscape experience,and there is a close impact mechanism between them.However,in the current research,there is a lack of systematic elaboration of the evolution process of Zhuangzi,Zhuangzi’s thought and Zhuangxue activities on the thought and practice of ancient Chinese landscape architecture.The purpose and significance of studying the landscape image of Zhuangzi and the Chinese unique landscape architecture thought contained in it lie in: 1)Sorting out the landscaping imagery from Zhuangzi to provide systematic data for the study of ancient Chinese landscapes and gardens;2)Analyzing the loopholes and fallacies in the existing research on the landscaping imagery from Zhuangzi and correct the wrong concept of understanding;3)Provide cultural support for the landscaping of Zhuangzi in modern landscape construction,and continue the vitality of traditional landscaping;4)Further explore the impact of Zhuangxue’s thoughts on "environment","landscape" and "garden" "core and its impact on ancient Chinese landscape appreciation and garden construction,and explore the unique operating mechanism of Chinese landscape gardens.By using three mian methods,literature research,comparative research and field research,a large number of unearthed documents related to the historical theory of landscape architecture has been found that were ignored in previous studies,such as oracle bones,bronzes,bamboo and silk,and rare ancient books.Research has found that:(1)Using the allusion Zhuangzi as the landscaping imagery mainly focuses on "Xiaoyao","Mengdie","Haopu" and "Buxizhou",and each has its own unique landscaping imagery and historical changes;(2)The landscaping creator Use the allusions in Zhuangzi to build landscapes and gardens,link Zhuangzi’s thoughts,the life experience of the landscape maker and viewer,and the actual environment with each other,and form the unique artistic conception of the allusion;(3)Zhuangzi ’ s experience of object image-imagery-artistic conception has laid the philosophical foundation of Chinese landscape garden artistic conception aesthetics,and the main ideas of "Neiqipian" have an influence mechanism on the experience of ancient Chinese landscape garden artistic conception;(4)The generation and formation of the words "Feng","Jing" and "Fengjing" were influenced by Zhuangzi’s concept of "Feng" as a metaphor for "Tao" and "Jing" as a symbol of "image",the formation and evolution process of the character "Yuan" fully shows the internal reasons of the concept of "unity of man and nature" in ancient Chinese gardens,which is consistent with Zhuangzi’s concept of "Daoshu",which shows that Chinese gardens "like the sky and the earth" and "moved the sky and shrunk the earth".The research innovation lies in:(1)Introduce the research content of other disciplines,such as exegesis,epigraphy,etc.,to demonstrate the related issues of landscape architecture discipline laterally;(2)Improve and perfect the historical research methods of landscape architecture,and summarize a new historical research method aiming at the characteristics of landscape architecture discipline;(3)The analysis of the history of landscape architecture from the perspective of the basic concept of the discipline is more fundamental to the discipline.The purpose of this study is to obtain the influence process of Zhuangzi’s thought guiding the construction of landscape gardens by studying the landscaping images in Zhuangzi,and analyze the influence of the historical and cultural background of Zhuangxue development on landscape architecture,as well as the relationship between Zhuangxue’s thoughts and landscape gardening phenomena.Re-discuss the essential relationship,summarize the operation system of Zhuangzi and its later studies on the theory and practice of ancient Chinese landscape architecture from epistemology,natural view to practical view,and consolidate the basic theory of the discipline.更多还原