【作者】 郭翔；

【导师】 周凤翱；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学(北京) ， 国际法， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 能源安全是国家安全的重要组成部分,事关国家经济社会发展,保障能源安全具有全局性、战略性意义。上合组织成立后,将能源作为重要合作方向,构建了能源法律制度,促进了能源合作,维护了区域能源安全。然而,随着时间发展,上合组织现行能源法律制度显示出诸多局限性,成为能源安全合作发展的障碍。又由于俄乌冲突的发生,地区能源安全局势愈发严峻,其已不能满足现阶段能源安全合作的需要。加快完善上合组织能源安全法律体系,是在俄乌冲突等地缘政治事件发生的背景下维护能源安全的有效法律手段。本文主要分为四部分。第一部分对能源安全和上合组织相关概念进行了界定,梳理了上合组织各国面临的能源安全问题,以及俄乌冲突对上合区域能源安全局势的影响。第二部分对上合组织现有能源法律体系进行了分析,重点分析了上合组织能源俱乐部法律的发展障碍和局限,主要有参与国家有限、协调机制欠缺、多边机制缺失、运行机制封闭等问题。第三部分讨论了其他国际能源平台能源法律制度,对国际能源署、欧佩克、能源宪章条约组织、国际能源论坛等法律制度进行了介绍和评价,为上合组织能源安全法律制度的完善提供有益经验。第四部分提出了对完善上合组织能源安全法律制度的思考:首先,阐述立法目的。其次,明确基本原则。再次,提出法律框架建议,确立标准和规则。最后,完善具体法律内容,包括利益协调机制、多边法律机制、信息共享机制、资金融通机制、生态环保机制和争端解决机制等,并强调涉及能源经贸合作问题要遵循WTO规则。本文的创新点主要包括三方面。一是较为完整地剖析了能源安全、上合组织与能源法律制度之间的关系,并试图从国际能源格局和地缘政治视角出发研究如何完善上合组织能源安全法律制度及其内容,并在上合组织适用,以应对俄乌冲突带来的能源安全风险。二是立足于上合组织各国国情,分析不同利益和互补优势,着重关注共同诉求,不仅研究制定能源法律规则,同时总结出具有一般性的法律原则,为上合组织依据法律保障区域能源安全提供新思路。三是依托国际法准则,结合上合组织实际情况,丰富了能源法的内涵,拓展了国际组织法的内容,使上合能源安全法律制度符合国际法原则和惯例,实现了在上合框架内构建多边能源法律体系的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Energy security is an important part of national security,bearing on the country’s economic and social development,ensuring energy security is of overall and strategic significance.Since its founding,the SCO has taken energy as an important direction of cooperation,established a legal system on energy,promoted energy cooperation and safeguarded regional energy security.However,with the development of time,the current SCO energy legal system has shown many limitations,which has become an obstacle to the development of energy security cooperation.And because of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine,the situation of regional energy security has become more and more severe,which can not meet the needs of energy security cooperation at the present stage.Accelerating the improvement of the SCO energy security legal system is an effective legal means to safeguard energy security in the context of geopolitical events such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict.This paper is mainly divided into four parts.The first part defines the relevant concepts of energy security and SCO,and reviews the energy security issues faced by SCO countries,as well as the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the energy security situation in the SCO region.The second part analyzes the existing energy legal system of the SCO,focusing on the obstacles and limitations of the development of the SCO energy Club law,including limited participation countries,lack of coordination mechanisms,lack of multilateral mechanisms,and closed operational mechanisms.The third part discusses the energy legal systems of other international energy platforms,introduces and evaluates the legal systems of the International Energy Agency,OPEC,the Energy Charter Treaty Organization,the International Energy Forum,etc.,and provides useful experience for the improvement of the SCO energy security legal system.The fourth part puts forward the reflection on the improvement of the SCO energy security legal system:First,the legislative purpose is expounded.Second,clarify the ground rules.Thirdly,it proposes a legal framework to establish standards and rules.Finally,we should improve the specific legal content,including the interest coordination mechanism,multilateral legal mechanism,information sharing mechanism,financial financing mechanism,ecological and environmental protection mechanism and dispute settlement mechanism,and emphasize that the WTO rules should be followed when it comes to energy economic and trade cooperation.The research of this paper has the following possible innovations:First,a relatively complete analysis of the relationship between energy security,the SCO and the energy legal system,and attempts to study how to improve the SCO energy security legal system and its content from the perspective of international energy pattern and geopolitics,and apply it to the SCO in order to cope with the energysecurity risks caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict.Second,based on the national conditions of the SCO countries,analyzing different interests and complementary advantages,focusing on common aspirations,not only studying and formulatingenergy legal rules,but also summarizing general legal principles,so as to provide new ideas for the SCO to ensure regional energy security in accordance with the law.Third,based on the norms of international law and the actual situation of the SCO,it has enriched the connotation of energy law and expanded the content of international organization law,so as to bring the SCO energy security legal system into line with the principles and practices of international law,and realize the goal of building a multilateral energy legal system within the SCO framework.更多还原