【作者】 武娜；

【导师】 刘玉红；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学(北京) ， 法学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 美国价款担保权是设立在货物和软件上的,设立目的是为了担保货物和软件本身的价款债务。由于它具有和所有权保留相同的功能,因此美国《统一商法典》删除了所有权保留。签署有效的担保协议、登记融资声明或自动公式是设立价款担保权的条件之一。对于农产品(牲畜除外)、设备,债权人需要在20天内登记融资声明。对于消费品,债权人无需登记。而库存和牲畜,债权人不仅需要在占有时立刻登记,还需履行一个通知义务。美国价款担保权的存续明确适用双重身份规则。美国价款担保权优先于其他冲突权利。但对于多个价款担保权,若价款担保权持有人身份不同,则出卖人优先于贷款人,若相同,则按照公示时间先后决定顺位。担保物被处分时,担保物本身的价款担保权可能会因受到正常经营买受人规则、消费者买卖规则的限制而丧失,但收益上仍然会存在一个自动公式的价款担保权。不过,库存产生的应收账款收益属于例外。我国区分了所有权保留和价款担保权,承认所有权保留的动产买卖属性。对于《中华人民共和国民法典》第四百一十六条中的“交付”应当理解为移转占有的设权行为,价款担保权的存续应当适用债权转让与双重身份规则。为了适应交易需求,对库存、牲畜作出特殊规定,要求履行通知义务并取消登记期限,而消费品取消登记宽限期。其他动产公示方式遵守现行立法规定即可。对于多个价款担保权,应当按照公示时间先后来确定顺位。最后,作为收益的库存的应收账款亦可设立价款担保权。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purchase money security interest in Americ is created in goods and software for the purpose of securing an obligation for the price of the goods and software itself.Because it has the same function as retention of title,the U.S.Uniform Commercial Code removes retention of title.The signing of a valid security agreement,the registration of a financing statement or an automatic formula is one of the conditions for the creation of a purchase money security interest in Americ.For agricultural products(except livestock),equipment,creditors need to register a financing statement within 20 days.For consumer goods,creditors are not required to register.In the case of inventory and livestock,creditors are not only required to register immediately upon possession,but also to fulfill a notification obligation.The dual identity rule is expressly applicable to the survival of a purchase money security interest in Americ.Purchase money security interest in Americ has priority over other conflicting rights.However,in the case of multiple purchase money security interests,if the identity of the holders of the purchase money security interest is different,the seller shall have priority over the lender,and if they are the same,the order of priority shall be determined according to the time of publicity.When the collateral is disposed of,the purchase money security interest of the collateral itself may be lost due to the restrictions of the ordinary business buyer rules and the consumer sale rules,but there will still be an automatic formula for the Purchase money security interest in the proceeds.However,the exception is the gains on receivables from inventories.China distinguishes between retention of title and purchase money security interest,and recognizes the nature of the sale of movable property with retention of title.The "delivery" in Article 416 of the Civil Code should be understood as the act of encumbrance of the transfer of possession,and the rules of assignment of claims and dual identity should apply to the existence of the purchase money security interest.In order to meet the needs of transactions,special provisions are made for inventory and livestock,requiring the fulfillment of notification obligations and the cancellation of the registration period,while the grace period for the cancellation of registration of consumer goods.Other methods of movable property publicity are sufficient to comply with the provisions of the current legislation.In the case of multiple purchase money security interests,the order of publicity shall be followed.Finally,receivables from inventory as proceeds may also be subject to a purchase money security interest.更多还原