【作者】 李婕；

【导师】 张友臣； 谭景玉；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国史， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 王洙《宋史质》作为明代改修宋史而成的第一部纪传体著作,对后人具有启发作用。长期以来,学界对《宋史质》一书普遍关注不够、评价不高,该书在历史学、文献学领域的价值未能得到全面、客观的评价。《宋史质》在编纂体例方面颇具特色。首先,开篇分置《天王正纪》和《天王闰纪》,以记叙帝王之事,明确宋的正统地位。其次,将《宰辅表》《宗室表》与传记相结合,以求达到精简篇幅、避免繁杂的效果,但表的作用也随之大打折扣。再次,全书人物列传均设为类传,依据王洙自己的道德判断标准,逐一衡量人物,进行分类。《宋史质》主要是对元修《宋史》进行删减和增补。王洙希望能克服《宋史》芜杂繁琐的缺点,因而进行了大幅度的删削,使其史料价值受到很大影响。《宋史质》对《宋史》的补充不多,主要集中在《天王正纪》末卷和《天王闰纪》,所增内容基本摘录自《续资治通鉴纲目》。《宋史质》对《宋史》的补充,主要是出于其道德教化的目的,对于提升史料价值作用有限。王洙通过撰写史论,评人论事或阐发主旨,以“史质曰”的形式附于正文,表达自己的看法。与以往纪传体史著的论赞不同,《宋史质》的史论部分是全书的重心,其篇幅常常会多于所论史事的篇幅。王洙对宋代历史的评论,受到社会现实的深刻影响,也继承了浙东史学的学术传统。《宋史质》一书流传不广,传世的版本仅有明嘉靖刻本、明钞本两种,被征引的情况也比较少。明清学者对《宋史质》的评价,除明人秦鸣夏极尽褒美之辞外,清代学者对《宋史质》评价普遍不高,批评主要集中在《宋史质》排斥元朝统治以及过于简略的问题。《宋史质》一书的价值,集中于史论部分,而史料方面的价值确实比较有限。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the first Biography Historical Record of revising the history of the Song Dynasty published in the Ming Dynasty,Wang Zhu’s Song Shi Zhi(《宋史质》)is of great significance for the enlightenment of future generations.For a long time,the academic community has generally paid insufficient attention to and underrated the book,and the value of the book in the fields of historiography and bibliography has not been comprehensively and objectively evaluated.Song Shi Zhi is quite distinctive in its compilation style.First of all,the opening chapter is divided into the King of Heaven’s Record(《天王正纪》)and the King of Heaven’s Ancillary Record(《天王闰纪》)in order to recount the affairs of the emperors and make clear the orthodox status of the Song Dynasty.Secondly,it combines the table of the prime minister(《宰辅表》),table of the royal family(《宗室表》)and the biographies into one,in order to achieve the effect of streamlining and avoiding complexity,but the role of the chronology is also greatly reduced.In addition,the biographies of the characters in the whole book are all set up as class biographies,which are categorized according to Wang Zhu’s own standard of moral judgment,measuring the characters and classifying them one by one.Song Shi Zhi is mainly based on History of the Song Dynasty(《宋史》),with deletions and additions.Wang Zhu hoped to overcome the shortcomings of History of the Song Dynasty,which was complicated and cumbersome,and thus made substantial deletions,which greatly affected the value of the historical materials.The additions to History of the Song Dynasty are not much,mainly focusing on the last volume of the King of Heaven’s Record and the King of Heaven’s Ancillary Record,and the additions are basically extracted from Xu Zi Zhi Tong Jian Gang Mu(《续资治通鉴纲目》).The additions to History of the Song Dynasty were mainly for the purpose of moral edification and had a limited role in enhancing the value of the historical materials.Wang Zhu expressed his own views by writing historical commentary,commenting on people and events,or expounding on the main ideas,which were attached to the text in the form of "Shi Zhi Yue".Unlike the previous biographies,the historical commentaries of the Song Shi Zhi are the core of the whole book,and they are often longer than the main text.Wang Zhu’s commentaries on the history of the Song Dynasty were deeply influenced by the social reality and inherited the academic tradition of Zhedong Historiography.The book was not widely circulated,and the only two editions that have survived are the carving copy in Jiajing and manuscript edition in the Ming Dynasty,which have been cited less frequently.Examining the evaluation of Song Shi Zhi by scholars in the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty,except for Qin Mingxia,who praised the book,other scholars did not rate Song Shi Zhi very highly,and mainly blamed it for rejecting the rule of the Yuan Dynasty and for being too brief.The value of Song Shi Zhi focuses on the part of historical commentary,while the value of historical materials is really rather limited.更多还原