【作者】 王静；

【导师】 石先钰；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 法律硕士（法学）（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展,我国的法治建设也在不断地稳步向前,这为以民事审判方式改革为核心的司法体制改革奠定了良好的法治基础。20世纪八十年代末以来,我国的民事诉讼模式从超职权主义诉讼模式逐渐向当事人主义诉讼模式进行过渡,在这一司法背景下,对法院审判权和当事人诉权的关系进行平衡成为我国民事诉讼领域中亟待解决的问题,于是法官释明制度就应运而生了。作为大陆法系民事诉讼程序中较为重要的一项理论制度,设立释明制度的出发点就是为了平衡不同当事人在法庭辩论环节中不可避免的能力差异,即当诉讼过程中出现了当事人主张或论述不够明确或适当的情况时,法官依职权对当事人进行必要的释明,引导当事人进一步澄明自己的主张,以同时实现程序正义和实体正义的双重效果。本篇文章的主要目的是,在对法官释明制度的基本理论体系进行介绍的基础上,进一步对两大法系中法官释明制度的理论及制度演进进行研究,通过对当前我国法官行使释明权的基本状况及产生的原因展开深入的剖析,进而明确了对我国法官释明制度进行完善的必要性,并对此提出了一些具体的构想,为进一步完善我国法官释明制度提供了一定的理论基础。本文拟通过比较分析法、规范分析法等基本法学研究方法,对法官释明的基本概念和性质界定,释明权制度的发展现状以及如何完善现有的释明权制度中存在的问题进行研究,并探索出一系列的方法和路径。本文一共分为四个部分。第一部分对法官释明制度的理论基础进行简要概述。首先,介绍了法官释明制度的涵义、性质、特征和分类。其次,通过对法官释明制度的法理依据进行研究,进一步论证其制度设置的合理性和必要性。第二部分主要探讨域外法官释明制度的考察借鉴。分别从时间和空间两个层面对法官释明制度国内外的发展路径和历史沿革进行了比较法意义上的考察,通过对英美法系和大陆法系主要代表国家的法官释明制度的介绍,为我国的法官释明制度的发展提供借鉴。第三部分是关于我国法官释明制度的现状评析。以该制度的构建背景为逻辑起点,通过对释明权制度在我国的立法现状和司法现状的整理和分析,通过分析我国民事诉讼模式由强职权主义向当事人主义的发展变化,剖析了我国法官释明制度现阶段存在的缺陷。第四部分主要论述了如何推动我国法官释明制度的发展完善,该部分以第三部分关于我国法官释明制度的现状评析及存在的问题为基础,进一步提出了完善我国法官释明制度的具体建议,主要包括完善法官释明立法、明确释明制度的界限和范围、明确法官释明的阶段以及完善不当释明的法律责任及救济机制等四个方面的举措。通过以上举措进一步完善我国民事诉讼法官释明制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous development of socialist market economy,China’s rule of law construction is also steadily moving forward,which laid a solid foundation of the rule of law for the reform of the judicial system with the reform of the civil trial mode as the core.since the late 1980 s,China’s civil litigation mode from the supra-authoritarian litigation mode gradually to the transition of the litigation mode of the parties,in this judicial background,the court trial power and In this judicial background,the balance between the court’s right to judge and the parties’ right to appeal has become an urgent problem in the field of civil litigation in China,so the judge’s explanation system was born.As an important theoretical system in the civil procedure of the civil law system,the starting point for the establishment of the interpretation system is to balance the inevitable differences in the ability of different parties in the court debate,that is,for the litigation process,the parties’ claims or arguments are not clear and appropriate,the judge ex officio to the parties to make the necessary interpretation,to guide the parties to further clarify their claims,in order to simultaneously This article is intended to provide an overview of the legal process.The main purpose of this article is to introduce the basic theoretical system of judges’ interpretation system,further study the theory and institutional evolution of judges’ interpretation system in the two major legal systems,analyze the basic situation of judges’ interpretation power in China and the reasons for it,and then clarify the necessity of improving the system of judges’ interpretation power in China,and put forward some concrete ideas for further improving the system of judges’ interpretation power in China.This paper provides a theoretical basis for further improving the system of judges’ interpretation in China.This paper intends to study the basic concept and nature of judges’ interpretation,the development status of the right to interpretation system,and the problems in improving the existing right to interpretation system,and explore a series of methods and paths through comparative analysis,normative analysis,and other basic jurisprudential research methods.This paper is divided into four parts.The first part provides a brief overview of the theoretical basis of the judge’s interpretation system.Firstly,the meaning,nature,characteristics and classification of the judge’s interpretation system are introduced.Secondly,the rationality and necessity of the system is further demonstrated through the study of the legal basis of the judge’s interpretation system.The second part focuses on the study and reference of judges’ interpretation system in foreign countries.The development paths and history of the domestic and foreign judge release systems are examined in the comparative law sense from the temporal and spatial levels,and through the introduction of the judge release systems of the major representative countries of the common law and civil law systems,the development of the judge release system in China is provided as a reference.The third part is a review of the current situation of the judge’s interpretation system in China.Taking the background of the construction of the system as the logical starting point,through the collation and analysis of the legislative status and judicial status of the right to interpretation system in China,and through the analysis of the development of China’s civil litigation model from strong ex officioism to partyism,the defects of the current stage of China’s judge’s interpretation system are analyzed.The fourth part mainly discusses how to promote the development and improvement of the judge’s interpretation system in China.Based on the current situation and problems of China’s judge’s interpretation system in the third part,this part further puts forward specific suggestions to improve the judge’s interpretation system in China,mainly including improving the judge’s interpretation legislation,clarifying the boundaries and scope of the interpretation system,clarifying the stages of judge’s interpretation,and improving the legal responsibility for improper interpretation The main recommendations include improving the legislation on judges’ interpretation,clarifying the boundaries and scope of the interpretation system,specifying the stages of judges’ interpretation,and improving the legal liability and relief mechanism for improper interpretation.Through the above measures to further improve the civil litigation judge’s interpretation system in China.更多还原