【作者】 杨柳；

【导师】 夏明超；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 电气工程， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 面对传统化石燃料的能源短缺和能源的巨大浪费的严峻挑战,全世界都在寻求面向未来的能源解决方案,以充分利用现有能源。与此同时交通工具的不断更新换代和人们对交通出行的需求不断增加,高速公路的建设和使用已成为现代社会不可或缺的基础设施之一,新能源汽车的兴起也为高速公路的可持续发展带来了新的挑战和机遇。为此,本文针对高速服务区能源系统规划进行了如下研究:(1)考虑工程可行性的高速服务区综合能源系统基本架构规划分析对高速服务区的能源系统和交通系统分别进行建模,通过能源集线器的思路对能源系统中涉及到的各种能量变换过程进行统一性建模,运用了M/G/k和M/M/k的排队论模型分别对交通系统中出现的电动汽车和燃料电池汽车用能特性进行建模,最终形成高速服务区综合能源系统模型基本架构。在本章中,考虑了系统的工程可行性,并同时考虑了规划的总成本,建立了一个多目标优化的模型,最后通过使用线性化的技巧,解决了原有模型中非凸非线性的约束及目标函数,将模型转化为一个多目标混合线性整数规划问题并进行求解,通过改变不同的权重得到一个帕累托前沿解的集合。(2)考虑多重极端场景的高速服务区综合能源系统规划方法研究通过考虑极端天气对能源侧和交通侧的不同影响,分别建立了夏季台风、冬季冻雪、过渡季沙尘暴/大雾相应的数学模型。在能源侧,极端天气通过对风电、光伏、外电不同程度的破坏造成系统运行特性的改变,用机会约束及大M法对极端天气的连续性进行建模,并从两种时间尺度上考虑了极端天气的不同变化。在交通侧,通过考虑极端天气下的道路封锁情况,对能源系统中氢能源的输送同样进行了机会约束建模,并且额外考虑了交通事故影响下产生的新的交通流量特性。出了一种考虑移动充电车的策略,使得能源系统规划在充电桩的配置上变得更为灵活,并且作为另一种形式的储能,移动充电车一定程度上起到了消纳新能源的作用。(3)自洽性主导的高速服务区综合能源系统评价体系构建研究以自洽性为主进行指标体系的构建,同时涵盖了可靠性、经济性、环保性等多个方面,出了一种主客观结合的方法,同时考虑层次分析法的主观决策和熵权法的客观信息熵决策对各种评价指标进行赋权,然后用博弈论的思路对主客观两种方法得到的权重重新组合赋权,得到最终的权重分配结果,从而对高速服务区综合能源系统进行综合评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the face of the severe challenges posed by the energy shortage of traditional fossil fuels and the enormous waste of energy,the world is seeking future-oriented energy solutions to fully utilize existing energy.At the same time,the continuous update and replacement of transportation vehicles and the increasing demand for transportation have made the construction and use of highways an indispensable infrastructure in modern society.The rise of renewable energy vehicles has also brought new challenges and opportunities for the sustainable development of highways.Therefore,this paper focuses on the energy system planning of highway service stations and conducts the following research:(1)Basic architecture and preliminary planning analysis of the highway service stations integrated energy systemThe energy system and transportation system of highway service stations are modeled separately,and a unified modeling of various energy transformation processes involved in the energy system is carried out using the concept of energy hub.M/G/k and M/M/k queuing theory models are used to model the energy consumption characteristics of electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles appearing in the transportation system,respectively,to form the basic architecture of the highway service stations integrated energy system.In this chapter,the system’s expansion capability is considered.A multiobjective optimization model is established by simultaneously considering the total cost of planning and the overall expansion capability of the system.Finally,by using linearization techniques to solve the non-convex nonlinear constraints and objective functions in the original model,the model is transformed into a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming problem and then solved,and a set of Pareto frontier solutions is obtained by changing different weights.(2)Research on the highway service stations integrated energy system planning considering multiple extreme scenariosBy considering the different impacts of extreme weathers on both the energy side and transportation side,mathematical models corresponding to summer typhoons,winter bllizard,and transition season sandstorms/fog are established.On the energy side,extreme weather causes changes in the system operating characteristics by different degrees of damage to wind power,photovoltaic power,and external power.The continuity of extreme weather is modeled using chance constraints and Big-M methods,and the different changes of extreme weathers are considered from two time scales.On the transportation side,the transportation system is affected by road closures during extreme weather,and the transportation of hydrogen energy in the energy system is also modeled using chance constraints.The new traffic flow characteristics generated under the influence of traffic accidents are also considered.A strategy considering mobile charging vehicles is proposed to make the energy system planning more flexible.Mobile charging vehicles also serve as another form of energy storage,which to some extent helps the accommodation of renewable energy.(3)Research on the construction of the evaluation system dominated by selfsustainability of the highway service stations integrated energy systemDominated by the self-sustainability,a comprehensive energy evaluation system is constructed by covering multiple aspects such as reliability,economy,and environmental protection.A combination of subjective and objective methods is proposed,taking into account both the subjective decision of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the objective information entropy decision of the entropy weighting method to weight various evaluation indicators.Then,the weights obtained by the subjective and objective methods are recombined using the game theory approach to obtain the final weight distribution results,so as to comprehensively evaluate the highway service stations integrated energy system planning results.更多还原