【作者】 李悦；

【导师】 史振磊；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 劳动经济学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 健康,是人类发展永恒的主题,也是社会文明发展的重要标志。“健康中国”战略的提出表明我国对于民众健康水平和卫生行业发展的关注达到新的高度。广泛的技术进步促进了卫生行业的进步,对人类健康有重要积极作用,但同时,技术进步作为影响就业的重要因素,其对卫生行业的就业也存在一定影响。本文以2012-2019年卫生行业就业人数为研究对象,探讨技术进步对卫生行业就业的影响及作用机制,并根据不同的技能水平和地区进一步讨论技术进步对卫生行业就业影响的差异性。本文的研究能丰富技术进步对就业影响的研究成果,有助于制定科学合理的卫生行业就业对策和卫生人员培养方案,保障卫生行业平稳发展。本文以技术进步和就业的相关理论为基础,通过总结国内外研究技术进步对就业在总体效应、技能及地区差异效应等方面的文献,梳理了技术进步对就业的作用机制。本文采用以DEA-Malmquist指数法测算的全要素生产率作为衡量广义技术进步水平的指标,介绍了技术进步水平、卫生机构发展与卫生行业就业的现状,并通过固定效应模型和调节效应模型对技术进步与卫生行业总体就业规模之间的关系和作用机制进行实证分析,同时利用固定效应模型和空间效应模型讨论技术进步对卫生行业就业在技能异质性、空间依赖性和地区异质性方面的影响。本文的主要结论是:(1)技术进步与卫生行业总体就业规模呈负相关关系,技术进步水平的提高会抑制卫生行业总体就业规模的增长;(2)技术进步对卫生行业就业规模存在破坏效应和创造效应的双重作用,破坏效应体现在替代效应和磨损效应中,创造效应体现在补偿效应和收入效应中;(3)技术进步对卫生行业就业的影响存在技能异质性,技术进步提高了对中、高技能卫生人员就业的需求,但减少了对低技能卫生人员就业的需求;(4)技术进步对卫生行业就业规模的影响具有空间依赖性,本地区技术进步水平的提升对邻近地区卫生行业就业规模有负向溢出效应;(5)技术进步对卫生行业就业的影响存在地区异质性,技术进步减少了东部和中部地区对卫生行业就业的需求,但对西部地区卫生行业就业的影响不显著。基于以上研究结论,本文提出了三点对策建议:积极推进卫生行业数字化转型,创造更多就业岗位,扩大技术进步中创造效应的影响;完善卫生教育的培训体系,全面提高就业能力,减少技术进步中破坏效应的影响;鼓励卫生人员的合理流动,优化卫生行业资源配置,增加基层卫生人员数量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Health is the eternal theme of human development and an important symbol of the development of social civilization.The introduction of the "Healthy China" strategy shows that China has reached a new level of concern for the health of its people and the development of its health sector.Extensive technological advances have promoted the advances of the health industry,which has an important and positive effect on human health,but at the same time,technological advances,as an important factor affecting employment,also have a certain impact on the employment of people in the health industry.This paper examines the impact and mechanism of action of technological advances on employment in the health industry by taking the personnel in the health industry from 2012 to 2019,and further discusses the differential impact of technological advances on employment in the health industry based on the skill level of health personnel and the region where they are located.The research in this paper can enrich the research results on the impact of technological advances on employment,and contribute to the formulation of scientific and reasonable employment policies and health personnel training programs,so as to ensure the steady development of health industryBased on the theories related to technical advances and employment,this paper sorts out the mechanism of the effect of technical advances on employment by summarizing the domestic and foreign literature that studies the effect of technical advances on employment in terms of aggregate effect,skill and regional differences.This paper adopts total factor productivity measured by DEA-Malmquist index method as an indicator to measure the level of technical advances in a broad sense,introduces the current situation of the level of technical advances,the development of health institutions and employment in the health industry,and empirically analyzes the relationship and mechanism of action between technical advances and the overall scale of employment in the health industry by using fixed-effects model and moderating-effects model,while using fixed-effects model and spatial effects model to discuss the effects of technological advances on employment in the health sector in terms of skill heterogeneity,spatial dependence,and regional heterogeneity.The main conclusions of this paper are:(1)there is a negative relationship between technological advances and the overall employment size in the health industry,and the increase in the level of technological advances suppresses the growth of the overall employment size in the health industry;(2)there is a dual effect of destructive and creative effects of technological advances on the employment size in the health industry,with the destructive effect reflected in the substitution effect and the wear-and-tear effect,and the creative effect reflected in the compensation effect and the income effect;(3)there is skill heterogeneity in the impact of technological advances on employment in the health industry;technological advances increases the demand for employment of middle and high-skilled health industry personnel,but reduces the demand for employment of low-skilled health industry personnel;(4)the impact of technological advances on the scale of employment in the health industry is spatially dependent;the increase in the level of technological advances in the region has a negative spillover effect on the scale of employment in the health industry in neighboring regions;(5)there is regional heterogeneity in the impact of technological advances on employment in the health sector,with technological advances reducing the demand for health sector employment in the eastern and central regions,but not having a significant impact on health sector employment in the western region.Based on the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward three suggestions:actively promote the Digital transformation of the health industry,create more jobs,and expand the impact of technological advances on creation;Improve the training system for health education,comprehensively enhance employability,and reduce the destructive effects of technological advances;Encourage the rational flow of health personnel,optimize the allocation of resources in the health industry,and increase the number of grassroots health personnel.更多还原