【作者】 黄超；

【导师】 陈清；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用文献研究法、录像观察法、图像分析法、数理统计法、对比分析法来针对两名运动员进行技术比较研究。在比赛方面,主要以2019年光州游泳世锦赛为背景进行技术分析并比较得出结论。通过两者的100米蛙泳收集的各项参数整理归纳并进行对比,进而将两名运动员完成比赛成绩的基础之上将各项参数进行统计并计算出各变量与比赛成绩之间的相关性,最后筛选出相关系数最高的变量进而来进行技术比较。在技术层面方面,将其分为出发与水下15米技术分析、蛙泳上肢技术、蛙泳下肢技术、以及蛙泳上下肢配合技术等几个阶段进行研究,并对两名运动员进行比较分析,总结出两名运动员蛙泳技术之间的差异性以及两者的技术特点。本文的研究结果表明:(1)亚当·皮蒂与闫子贝在出发与水下15米的数据对比中,亚当·皮蒂的外划时间、动作周期时间和闫子贝相比,经过检验后得出P值为0.00,具有非常显著性的差异(P<0.01)。在技术方面,在出发后的入水滑行阶段,亚当·皮蒂在入水的前冲作用力还未减小时便采取了第一下蝶泳腿,而闫子贝在出发的作用力减小后做出了第一下蝶泳腿;(2)在上肢技术对比方面,在外划和内划阶段,闫子贝采用大范围的外划,进而开始做出一个很明显的高肘动作,亚当·皮蒂在外划阶段双手的手掌的掌心快速地做横扫的动作,省略高肘阶段开始双臂内收进而向前伸臂,收肘换气阶段亚当·皮蒂与闫子贝身体与水面的角度相比,经过检验后得出P值为0.00,呈现非常显著性差异(P<0.01);(3)在蛙泳下肢对比阶段,亚当·皮蒂在收腿时间、蹬腿时间、收蹬腿时间以及动作周期时间与闫子贝的比较上,经过检验后得出P值为0.00,具有非常显著差异性(P<0.01)。在技术对比中,在收腿阶段,亚当·皮蒂的收腿范围非常的短,膝关节角度达到48.6°,而闫子贝在收腿完成阶段,脚后与臀部贴的距离较近,膝关节角度达到46.7°。在双脚外翻和蹬腿阶段,闫子贝采用双脚及踝关节向外翻转。进而调整好脚掌对水的最大面积后,再将双腿快速向后蹬出。而亚当·皮蒂所采取的技术则是直接勾起脚腕,并且省略了双脚及踝关节向外翻转的步骤直接向后蹬夹;(4)在蛙泳上下肢配合阶段,亚当·皮蒂在收蹬腿时间、滑行时间以及动作周期时间上快于闫子贝,且对比经过检验后P值为0.00,具有非常显著差异性(P<0.01)。亚当·皮蒂采用双臂向两边横扫,随后进行纵向下随后向内产生的力配合背阔肌发力,腹直肌收缩将躯干部分拉高至水面之上,从而头部完成换气。闫子贝采取双臂手掌外划进而采取高肘抱水让手掌和前臂与水形成支撑面,进而借助支撑面的反作用力配合背部竖脊肌发力,最后完成换气部分。闫子贝的髋部位置在蛙泳整个在上下肢配合的过程中,始终保持在水平面以下,而亚当·皮蒂则是在上肢伸臂至流线型或下肢蹬腿完成产生的作用力下,髋部位置高于水平面。本文的研究结论表明:(1)在整体技术特点上,亚当·皮蒂以"快"为主,闫子贝的整体技术以“长”为主;(2)关于亚当·皮蒂的高划频特点,在蛙泳上肢技术中,亚当·皮蒂的外划的范围略比肩宽,相比于闫子贝要小,在内划的过程中省略了肘关节高于前臂的抱水的动作,最后在双臂前伸后的滑行时间相比于闫子贝而言相对较短。(3)在蛙泳下肢技术中,与闫子贝相比,亚当·皮蒂的收腿宽度要小于他自身肩膀的宽度,而后者则略比自身的肩膀要宽。此外,亚当·皮蒂的收腿幅度较小,在蹬腿阶段省略了蹬腿前双脚踝向外翻转的动作,进而完成蹬腿阶段。(4)在亚当·皮蒂的上下肢,通过"省略、合并、减少划幅"的基础上,减少了每一运动周期的滑行时间,他的双臂从收肘后准备前伸到前伸完成的时间正好等于收腿开始阶段至收腿结束阶段。此外由于他蹬腿阶段前省略了脚踝外翻的步骤直接向后蹬腿,进而双臂前伸后没有多余的滑行动作等待,就进入了下一个动作周期准备。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper uses literature research,video observation,image analysis,mathematical statistics and comparative analysis to compare the two athletes.In terms of competition,the technical analysis mainly took the 2019 Gwangju World Swimming Championships as the background and concluded.The parameters collected by the 100-meter breaststroke were summarized and compared,and then the correlation between the variables and the competition performance was calculated on the basis of the competition result.Finally,the variable with the highest correlation coefficient was selected for technical comparison.In terms of technical level,it is divided into starting and underwater 15 meters technical analysis,breaststroke upper limb,breaststroke lower limb technology,and breaststroke on lower limb technology with several stages,and comparative analysis of two athletes,summarizes the differences between the two athletes breaststroke technology and the technical characteristics of the two.The findings of this paper indicate that:(1)In the data comparison between Adam Peaty and Yan Zibei at departure and 15 meters underwater,the P value of Adam Peaty’s stroke time and movement cycle time was 0.00,which was significantly different from that of Yan Zibei(P<0.01).In terms of technique,Adam Peaty did the first butterfly kick before the forward force was reduced,while Yan Zibei did the first butterfly kick after the starting force was reduced.(2)In terms of the comparison of upper limb techniques,Yan Zibei adopted a wide range of outside strokes and began to make an obvious high elbow movement in the inside strokes stage.Adam Peaty quickly swept the palms of his hands in the outside strokes stage,and then began to draw his arms in and extend his arms forward in the middle of the high elbow stage.After examination,the P value is 0.00,showing a significant difference(P<0.01).(3)In the comparison stage of breaststroke lower limbs,Adam Peaty had significant differences in the leg closing time,kick time,kick time and movement period time compared with Yan Zibei.In the technical comparison,in the leg stage,Adam Peaty’s leg range is very short,while Yan Zibei in the leg stage,the distance between the foot and the hip is close to the hip.During the valgus and pedal stages,Yan turns his feet and ankles outward.After adjusting the maximum area of the water on the sole of the feet,then the legs quickly push back.Adam Peaty’s technique is to hook the ankle directly and omit the outward flip of the feet and ankles directly backwards;(4)In the breaststroke matching stage of upper and lower limbs,Adam Peaty was faster than Yan Zibei in terms of kick time,sliding time and movement cycle time,and had some differences(P<0.05).Adam Peaty sweeps his arms on both sides,then longitudinally and then inward with the latissimus dorsi muscle,and the rectus abdominis contraction pulls the torso up above the surface of the water to complete the head ventilation.Yan Zibei takes the palm of the arms and then takes the high elbow water to hold the palm and forearm and the water to form a support surface,and then with the help of the reaction force of the support surface with the vertical ridge muscle on the back,and finally complete the ventilation part.Yan Zibei’s hip is kept below the horizontal level throughout the breaststroke in the upper and lower limbs,while Adam Peaty is above the horizontal plane under the force generated by the upper limb arm reaching to flow or the lower limb kick.The conclusions of this paper indicate that:In terms of technical characteristics,Adam is mainly "fast",while the overall technology is mainly "long";regarding the high frequency of Adam is,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)in breaststroke upper limb technique,Adam peaty outside the range is slightly wider than the shoulder,is smaller than Yan Zibei,in the process of the omit the elbow higher than the forearm water,then the palm and arm to draw a small circle within the stroke of the elbow,finally in the arms after the sliding time compared to Yan Zibei is relatively short.(2)In the breaststroke lower limb technique,Adam Peaty took the "narrow leg closing" technique in the leg closing stage.Compared with Yan Zibei,his leg width is less than the width of his own shoulders,which is slightly wider than his own shoulders.In addition,Adam Peaty’s leg range is small,thigh and trunk Angle is large,thigh and calf Angle is relatively large.In the kick stage,Adam Pitty omits the outward flipping of the ankles before the kick stage,and instead,the legs quickly push back to complete the kick stage.Adam Peaty also "reduces amplitude,omit and merge steps" to shorten the time and kick efficiently.(3)In the upper and lower limbs of Adam Peaty,on the basis of "omit,merging and reducing the amplitude",the sliding time of each movement cycle is reduced.The time of his arms from the elbow to the front extension is exactly equal to the beginning of the leg to the end of the leg.In addition,because he omitted the ankle valgus step before the kick stage and pushed directly back,and then extended his arms without extra sliding action,he entered the next action cycle preparation.更多还原