【作者】 李晓娟；

【导师】 聂鑫；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 公共管理， 2023， 硕士

【副题名】基于土地发展权转移视角

【摘要】 我国长期的粗放式发展导致生态系统面临前所未有的压力,不仅造成资源加速消耗和自然环境的破坏,还造成严重的环境污染问题。为了实现经济发展与生态环境保护的双赢目标,许多国家实施了多种模式的生态补偿措施,其中就包括土地发展权转移(Transferrable Development Rights,TDR),这将对土地系统和生态系统服务供给价值产生重大影响。本文选取广西北部湾沿海地区为研究区域,使用CLUMondo模型构建了四种未来土地发展情景(自然发展、TDR受限、政府补偿、TDR补偿),并模拟了四种情景下2030年未来土地利用分布格局,以对比揭示不同政策组合下的土地系统变化。在此基础上结合当量因子法评估了四种情景下的生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Services Value,ESV),探究生态补偿政策对生态系统服务价值产生的影响,其中重点探索分析基于TDR的生态补偿模式是否能够提高ESV。本文的主要研究结果和结论有:(1)政策干预对优化土地利用结构,提高ESV有积极作用。具体来讲,实施土地利用管制措施下的三种情景相较于自然发展情景而言,建设用地占比减少约1%-2%,耕地增加约1%,其余地类增加约1%;叠加实施生态补偿政策后,建设用地在TDR补偿情景下降幅最大,仅占比3.7%,耕地面积在政策补偿情景下达到606711 hm~2,占比29.8%。四种情景下的ESV也符合政策干预的程度,呈现出“自然发展<TDR受限<政府补偿<TDR补偿”的结果。由此可见,土地利用管制和生态补偿政策的干预,既能够调整土地利用结构,还能够提升区域ESV,促进土地利用开发与生态环境保护相协调,确保人与自然的和谐发展。(2)不同生态补偿模式中,基于TDR的生态补偿能够最大程度地提高ESV。在同时实施土地利用管制和生态补偿政策干预下,经过情景模拟分析,政府补偿情景下的ESV为69.79×10~9元,TDR补偿下的ESV为69.88×10~9元,对比可知TDR补偿能够比政府补偿多提供0.09×10~9元的服务产品,而相比较于未实施任何政策干预的自然发展情景而言,TDR补偿能够多提供约2.79×10~9元人民币的服务产品用以承载和支撑人类的经济发展和民生福祉。这些结果表明,基于TDR的生态补偿在区域生态环境保护和空间均衡发展中能够发挥积极作用,未来可以进一步加强TDR在生态补偿实践中的应用。结合以上研究结果,提出优化生态补偿政策的相关建议,即促进土地利用管制措施与生态补偿政策协同推进、建立健全政府与市场化并存的生态补偿格局、构建TDR生态补偿运行机制以丰富生态补偿政策内涵。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s long-term extensive development has caused the ecosystem to face unprecedented pressure,not only causing accelerated consumption of resources and destruction of the natural environment,but also causing serious environmental pollution problems.In order to achieve the win-win goal of economic development and ecological environment protection,many countries have implemented a variety of ecological compensation measures,including the Transferrable development rights(TDR),which will have a significant impact on the value of land system and ecosystem service supply.In this paper,the coastal area of Beibu Gulf in Guangxi is selected as the study area.It is CLUMondo model to construct four scenarios of future land development(natural development,TDR limitation,government compensation and TDR compensation)and to simulate the distribution pattern of land use in 2030 in the four scenarios,in order to reveal the land system change under different policy combinations.On this basis,we combined the equivalent factor method to evaluate the Ecosystem Services Value(ESV)in four scenarios,and explored the impact of ecological compensation policies on ecosystem services value,especially whether ecological compensation based on TDR can improve ESV.The main research results and conclusions of this paper are:(1)Policy intervention has a positive effect on optimizing land use structure and improving ESV.Specifically speaking,the three scenarios under land use control measures are compared with the natural development scenarios,the proportion of construction land decreased by about 1%-2%,the cultivated land increased by about 1%,and the rest of the land increased by about 1%.Under the TDR compensation scenario,the construction land decreased the most,accounting for only 3.7%,while the cultivated land area reached 606,711 hm~2,accounting for 29.8%.The ESVs under the four scenarios also correspond to the degree of policy intervention,showing the result of"natural development<TDR limitation<government compensation<TDR compensation".It can be seen that the intervention of land use control and ecological compensation policies can not only adjust the land use structure,but also improve regional ESV,promote the coordination between land use development and ecological environmental protection,and ensure the harmonious development of man and nature.(2)Among different ecological compensation modes,TDR compensation can increase ESV to the greatest extent.Under the intervention of land use control and ecological compensation policy at the same time,through scenario simulation analysis,the ESV under government compensation is 69.79×10~9yuan,and that under TDR compensation is 69.88×10~9 yuan.By comparison,it can be seen that TDR compensation can provide 0.09×10~9 yuan more service products than government compensation.Compared with the natural development scenario without any policy intervention,TDR compensation can provide about 2.79×10~9yuan more service products to carry and support the economic development and livelihood of human beings.These results indicate that ecological compensation based on TDR can play a positive role in regional ecological environment protection and spatial balanced development,and the application of TDR in ecological compensation practice can be further strengthened in the future.Based on the above research results,relevant suggestions for optimizing ecological compensation policies are put forward,that is,promoting the coordinated promotion of land use control measures and ecological compensation policies,establishing and improving the ecological compensation pattern of government and marketization,and constructing the TDR ecological compensation operation mechanism to enrich the connotation of ecological compensation policies.更多还原