【作者】 张明俊；

【导师】 唐鑫； 王伯韬；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 食品工程（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 运动性疲劳是一种常见的生理现象,会在体力达到一定程度时产生。在外周机制上,运动性疲劳产生的原因被概括为能源耗竭、代谢物蓄积以及氧化应激。运动性疲劳的发生是全身性的,因此具有多个调节靶点,但是现有解决方案难以兼顾多种通路和靶点。同时,具有活性的植物化合物由于其结构特征,在体内的吸收代谢能力受限,而通过体外生物发酵可以解决这一问题。因此,本文通过组成配方和体外发酵的方式,对多种植物化合物进行筛选、组合、发酵,以获得具有更高抗疲劳生物功效食品原料。主要研究内容和结果如下:(1)为表征不同植物化合物对运动性疲劳的缓解作用及潜在机制,本文采用游泳力竭实验为疲劳模型,对十种具有缓解运动性疲劳功效的植物化合物进行研究,包括,原花青素、枸杞多糖、天麻素、人参皂苷Rb1、茶多酚、花青素、胡椒碱、葛根素、维生素C及姜黄素。结果显示,茶多酚组游泳力竭时间最长,其次是花青素、人参皂苷Rb1、天麻素组,与模型组相比游泳力竭时间分别提升了108.2%、88.2%、86.7%和66.7%;人参皂苷Rb1、花青素和天麻素在增加肌肉糖原含量方面具有优势;花青素和茶多酚在清除血清BLA和BUN具有显著优势,且对乳酸代谢的基因具有显著调节作用;天麻素和人参皂苷Rb1最大显著降低MDA水平,提高SOD酶活。综上,选择人参皂苷Rb1、天麻素、茶多酚和花青素为优势植物化合物,为后续实验提供原料。(2)为确定植物化合物能否通过形成配方而发挥更好的缓解运动性疲劳功效,本文将优势植物化合物进行复合形成配方,并分析不同植物化合物配方在缓解运动性疲劳上的表现。结果显示,由茶多酚、天麻素、花青素及人参皂苷组成的配方(配方五)比对应的单体物质的游泳力竭时间分别延长了58.7%、67.5%、74.4%和74.8%,表现为增加糖原蓄积、清除代谢物及调节氧化应激,并显著上调GLUT4、PDK4、MCT1、LDHB及Nrf2的m RNA的相对表达水平。(3)为研究微生物发酵是否是植物化合物在缓解运动性疲劳上增效的有效方式,本文以植物化合物配方五中的单体为底物进行发酵,筛选能对其进行生物转化的特定可食用菌株,并评价发酵型植物化合物在缓解运动性疲劳的作用及表现。结果显示,格式乳杆菌8L2可以发酵茶多酚中EGCG,动物双歧杆菌SW62代谢人参皂苷Rb1,保加利亚乳杆菌A29可以分解花青素。发酵茶多酚、花青素及人参皂苷比对应单体物质的游泳时间分别延长了59.8%、66.8%和48.6%,并在延缓能源的消耗、减少代谢物的蓄积以及抗氧化方面具有增效的效果。(4)为了进一步对植物化合物配方和发酵型植物化合物进行功效增强,本文将不同发酵型植物化合物进行复合,并分别使用格式乳杆菌8L2、动物双歧杆菌SW62及保加利亚乳杆菌A29对配方五进行发酵,形成发酵型植物化合物配方。结果显示,发酵茶多酚+发酵人参皂苷、发酵茶多酚+发酵花青素以及动物双歧杆菌SW62发酵配方五比植物化合物配方五的小鼠游泳力竭时间分别延长了18.4%、30.0%和28.3%,并在增加肌肉糖原含量、清除代谢物及缓解氧化应激方面具有显著优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exercise-included fatigue is a common physiological phenomenon that occurs when a certain level of physical strength is reached.In terms of peripheral mechanisms,the causes of exercise fatigue have been outlined as energy depletion,metabolite accumulation,and oxidative stress.Exercise-included fatigue occurs systemically and thus has multiple regulatory targets,but existing anti-fatigue products have difficulties in accommodating multiple pathways and targets.At the same time,active plant compounds are limited in their ability to be absorbed and metabolized in vivo due to their structural characteristics,which can be addressed by in vitro biofermentation.Therefore,in this paper,we screen,combine,and ferment a variety of plant compounds by composition formulation and in vitro fermentation to obtain food ingredients with higher anti-fatigue bioefficacy.The main findings are as follows:(1)In order to characterize the effects and potential mechanisms of different plant compounds on the relief of exercise-included fatigue,ten plant compounds with exercise-included fatiguereducing effects,including proanthocyanidins,lycium barbarum polysaccharide,gastrodin,ginsenoside Rb1,tea polyphenols,anthocyanins,piperine,geranium,vitamin C and curcumin,were investigated using the swimming exhaustion experiment as a fatigue model.The results showed that the tea polyphenol group had the longest swimming exhaustion time,followed by the cornflower,ginsenoside Rb1 and gastrodin groups,with 108.2%,88.2%,86.7% and 66.7% increase in swimming exhaustion time respectively compared to the model group;ginsenoside Rb1,cornflower glycosides and gastrodin had advantages in increasing muscle glycogen content;cornflower and tea polyphenol had significant advantages in scavenging serum;coryphyllin and tea polyphenols were superior in scavenging serum BLA and BUN,and had significant modulating effects on the genes of lactate metabolism;gastrodin and ginsenoside Rb1 significantly reduced MDA levels and increased SOD enzyme activity.In summary,ginsenoside Rb1,gastrodin,tea polyphenols and anthocyanins were selected as the dominant plant compounds to provide raw materials for subsequent experiments.(2)In order to determine whether the plant compounds could be better formulated to alleviate exercise-included fatigue,the dominant plant compounds were compounded to form formulations and the performance of different plant compound formulations in alleviating exercise fatigue was analysed.The results showed that the formulation consisting of tea polyphenols,gastrodin,anthocyanins and ginsenoside(Formulation 5)prolonged swimming exhaustion time by 58.7%,67.5%,74.4% and 74.8%,respectively,compared to the corresponding monomers,which showed increased glycogen accumulation,scavenging of metabolites and modulation of oxidative stress,and significantly up-regulated the GLUT4,PDK4,MCT1,LDHB and Nrf2 m RNA expression levels.(3)To investigate whether microbial fermentation is an effective way to potentiate plant compounds in alleviating exercise fatigue,this paper used monomers from plant compound formulation 5 as substrates for fermentation,screened for specific edible strains that could biotransform them,and evaluated the effects and performance of fermented plant compounds in alleviating exercise-included fatigue.The results showed that Lactobacillus formatus 8L2 could ferment EGCG from tea polyphenols,Bifidobacterium animalis SW62 metabolised ginsenoside Rb1 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus A29 could break down anthocyanins.Fermentation of tea polyphenols,anthocyanins and ginsenosides prolonged the swimming time by 59.8%,66.8% and 48.6%,respectively,over their corresponding monomers,and had potentiating effects in delaying energy consumption,reducing metabolite accumulation and antioxidant activity.(4)To further enhance the efficacy of the plant compound formulation and fermented plant compounds,different fermented plant compounds were compounded and fermented with Lactobacillus formatus 8L2,Bifidobacterium animalis SW62 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus A29 respectively to form the fermented plant compounds formulation in this paper.The results showed that fermented tea polyphenols + fermented ginsenosides,fermented tea polyphenols + fermented anthocyanins and fermented formulation 5 with Bifidobacterium animalis SW62 prolonged swimming exhaustion time in mice by 18.4%,30.0% and 28.3%,respectively,and showed significant advantages in increasing muscle glycogen content,scavenging metabolites and alleviating oxidative stress compared to plant compound formulation 5.更多还原