【作者】 王健；

【导师】 张秀花； 宋立彦；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 机械硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 韭菜营养价值高,深受人们喜爱,在京津冀地区广泛种植。韭菜收割属于有序收获,目前机械化收割多为单行收割后放在地面,还需人工捆扎整理,劳动强度大、效率低。本文以京津冀地区种植的韭菜为研究对象,根据其物理力学特性,以韭菜低损伤采收为目标,设计了自走式双行韭菜收割打捆一体机。主要研究内容如下:(1)韭菜物理力学特性研究。通过实地调研与试验,测量了成熟韭菜株高、茎直径、重量等基本生长参数,并进行统计分析;同时利用万能试验机对韭菜的茎秆切割力、整株压缩特性等力学特性进行测定分析,研究了不同夹持方式下切割力大小与割茬切面状况,探究了不同压缩条件下韭菜低损伤采收条件,为韭菜收割打捆一体机关键结构的设计和参数优化提供了参考依据。(2)总体方案设计与分析。基于韭菜物理力学参数和农艺要求,设计了自走式双行韭菜收割打捆一体机的总体方案和主要技术参数;机器能够完成分禾、切割、输送、打捆、割茬高度调节、对行调节等作业要求;应用Solidworks完成整机三维建模并进行了装配分析。(3)关键部件设计与分析。根据整机设计方案,确定了各关键部件的主要参数,对夹持输送装置、切割装置进行了相关参数计算和受力分析;同时设计了割茬高度调节装置和对行调节装置;同时运用仿生原理,模仿人手捆扎韭菜动作,设计了对掐式打捆装置,并进行了时序性分析;利用有限元分析软件,对主体机架和割刀进行静力学分析,进一步证明了设计满足作业要求。(4)夹持输送试验与打捆试验分析。为探究影响夹持输送与打捆影响的因素;根据Box-Behnken设计原理,以损失率和倾倒率为评价指标进行响应面优化试验,分析优化得到最佳组合,结果表明:当输送速度为0.95m/s、输送角度为27°、挡杆位置为7.5cm时,损失率为4.5%,倾倒率为96.0%,符合要求;打捆装置的正交试验结果分析表明:当喂入量为0.75kg、打捆速度为8r/min、缠绕位置为7.5cm时为最优组合,此时韭菜捆的整齐度和成捆率最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Leek has high nutritional value and is loved by people.It is widely cultivated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Leek harvesting belongs to orderly harvesting.At present,mechanization harvesting is mostly placed on the ground after a single row of harvesting,but also needs manual binding and sorting,which has high labor intensity and low efficiency.In this paper,a self-propelled double-row leek harvesting and baling machine was designed based on the physical and mechanical characteristics of leeks grown in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Study on physical and mechanical properties of leek.The basic growth parameters of mature leek,such as plant height,stem diameter and weight,were measured and analyzed statistically through field investigation and experiment.At the same time,the mechanical characteristics of chive,such as the cutting force of stem and the compression characteristics of whole plant,were measured and analyzed by universal testing machine.The cutting force and the situation of the cutting face under different clamping methods were studied,and the low damage harvesting conditions of chive under different compression conditions were explored,which provided a reference for the design and parameter optimization of the key structure of the integrated leek harvesting and baling machine.(2)Overall scheme design and analysis.Based on the physical and mechanical parameters and agronomic requirements of leek,the overall scheme and main technical parameters of the self-driving double-row leek harvesting and baling machine were designed.The machine can complete the classification,cutting,conveying,baling,stubble height adjustment,adjustment to the line and other operation requirements;Solidworks was used to complete the three-dimensional modeling and assembly analysis.(3)Design and analysis of key components.According to the design scheme of the whole machine,the main parameters of the key components are determined,and the relevant parameters of the gripper conveying device and the cutting device are calculated and analyzed.At the same time,the stubble height adjusting device and the row adjusting device are designed.At the same time,the bionic principle was used to imitate the action of tying leek by hand,and the pinch-type tying device was designed,and the timing analysis was carried out.By using finite element analysis software,statics analysis of the main frame and cutter is carried out,which further proves that the design meets the operation requirements.(4)Clamping conveying test and baling test analysis.In order to explore the influence factors of clamping conveying and baling;According to the Box-Behnken design principle,the response surface optimization test was carried out with the loss rate and tipping rate as evaluation indexes,and the optimal combination was obtained by analysis and optimization.The results show that when the conveying speed is 0.95m/s,the conveying Angle is 27°,and the stop bar position is 7.5cm,the loss rate is 4.5%,and the tipping rate is 96.0%,which meets the requirements.The orthogonal test results of the baling device showed that the optimal combination was when the feeding amount was 0.75kg,the baling speed was 8r/min and the winding position was 7.5cm,and the uniformity and baling rate of leeks were the highest.更多还原