【作者】 黄婷婷；

【导师】 杨斌；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 财政学， 2022， 硕士

【副题名】基于撤点并校的研究

【摘要】 教育与国家发展有着重要联系,与一个国家的盛衰息息相关。党的十九大报告指出,建设教育强国是中华民族伟大复兴的基础工程,要将教育放在优先发展的位置,深化教育改革,大力提高国民素质。当前我国已经进入新型城镇化阶段。“人”是城镇化过程中的关键,要做好农业转移人口的市民化工作以及保障其随迁子女的教育权利,同时也要推进城乡融合发展。然而随着城镇化发展,大量的人口转移到城镇地区,一方面,城区人口比重不断提高,城镇地区学龄人口比例不断攀升带来教育资源供给不足的矛盾日益突出,另一方面,农村地区学龄人口不断外流导致大量“空心校”的出现,出现办学规模效益差,教育资源闲置以及办学效率低下等问题。在此背景下,政府应当如何在城乡地区进行教育公共品的合理分配,才能提供高质量的教育资源,促进人力资本积累,为经济建设与发展提供动力源泉,是一个急需解决的问题。本文以2001-2012年间发生在中国农村地区的大规模“撤点并校”为特点的义务教育阶段教育资源布局调整作为切入点,试图从过去教育资源布局调整的经验中获得关于新型城镇化过程中教育资源布局的启发,满足农业转移人口市民化的要求,培养现代化高素质人才,助力现代化进程。在此基础上本文从长期的角度出发研究撤点并校政策对人力资本的影响。撤点并校初衷就是因地制宜调整教育公共品的布局,提高教育公共品供给的效率和质量。本文利用截面DID的方法在地市层面考察撤点并校强度对微观个体受教育年限的影响。结果表明,撤点并校带来学校的合并、教育资源整合以及生源流动有利于提升个体的受教育年限。“撤点并校”带来的学校规模扩大也有利于个体接受教育的质量提升;异质性分析发现“撤点并校”的政策效果在性别、户口以及城乡地区之间存在差异。此外,本文进行了平行趋势检验和一系列稳健性检验来验证核心结论,结果均稳健。更多还原

【Abstract】 Education and national development have an important relationship.Education is also closely linked to a country’s rise and fall.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)pointed out that building a strong country through education is the basic project of the Chinese Dream.Education should be given priority to development,educational reform should be deepened,and improve the quality of National quality.At present,our country has already entered the new-type urbanization stage,the new-type urbanization development idea proposes that the person is the key in the urbanization process.We must ensure the agricultural transfer population’s citizenization as well as their children’s education right.At the same time,we should promote the integration of urban and rural development.However,with the development of urbanization,a large number of people have been transferred to urban areas.On the one hand,the proportion of the population in urban areas has been increasing,as well as the proportion of the school-age population.On the other hand,the continuous outflow of school-age population in rural areas leads to the emergence of a large number of " Hollow schools”,resulting in poor scale efficiency,idle educational resources and low school-running efficiency.Under this background,how should the government carry on the reasonable distribution of educational public goods in urban and rural areas,so as to provide the high-quality educational resources,promote the accumulation of human capital,and provide the power source for the economic construction and development,is an urgent problem to be solved.This paper takes as an entry point the large-scale " Withdrawal and consolidation" of educational resources in rural China during 2001 to 2012.From the experience of the adjustment of the distribution of educational resources in the past,this peper tries to obtain the enlightenment of the distribution of educational resources in the process of new urbanization,to meet the requirements of the urbanization of the transferred population in agriculture,and to train modern high-quality talents,to assist in the process of modernization.On this basis,this paper from the perspective of the long-term impact of human capital to study school Withdrawal and merging policy.The original intention of the merger is to adjust the distribution of educational resource according to local conditions,and to improve the efficiency and quality of the supply of educational public goods.This paper uses the cross-sectional DID method to examine the influence of thepolicy on the education years of individuals at the prefecture level.The results show that,in the long run,the amalgamation of schools,the integration of educational resources and the flow of students can improve individual’s education year.The expansion of school scale brought by policy is also beneficial to the improvement of individual’s quality of educational receiving.There are differences in hukou,urban and rural areas and Gender differences.In addition,parallel trend test and a series of robustness tests are performed to verify the core conclusions,and the results are both robust.更多还原