【作者】 陈凯；

【导师】 黄海静； 周智伟；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 建筑学（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 本文的研究方向的确定主要是基于以下环境背景提出的:我国幼儿园目前正面临着由数量满足供应到高品质的幼儿园环境建设的需求转变,整体行业上健康建筑的发展也要求幼儿园建筑的更加健康化,但基于真正以幼儿为中心的幼儿园建筑安全设计还较缺乏适应性理论指导,以及我国目前城市幼儿的感统失调问题较为明显突出等问题。基于以上的背景原因,开始进一步的研究探讨,通过大量的文献网络资料的梳理以及一些设计实践的经验,运用跨学科的研究方法,对马斯洛需求理论、儿童心理学、儿童教育学、环境心理学、安全科学理论等理论进行梳理总结,从以幼儿为中心的视角出发归纳在园幼儿的健康安全要求,作为较为完善与科学的研究的理论基础。并整理了国内外的相关规范和标准以及学前教育领域的相关文件和指导精神,结合它们对幼儿园空间环境中健康与安全的相应要求,以此总结出幼儿园空间环境的健康安全设计大原则。接着通过两次调研进行实地分析,对在园幼儿所面临的典型安全问题进行了确立,典型问题与身心相关且认可度高。然后通过对出现问题的空间环境进行进一步的细化研究,提取出与主要问题相关联的对幼儿健康安全有影响的空间环境要素,通过对要素风险等级的评估和结合美国幼教机构评价认证标准的梳理,形成了幼儿园健康安全评价标准,以此来引导后文以健康为导向的幼儿园的空间环境安全设计策略的提出。依据以上研究,从基于幼儿行为划分的生活学习空间、交通过渡空间、游戏交往空间和设施设备系统四个方面提出设计策略,具体来说生活学习空间中要创造自由温馨的空间环境,创造融合的单元组织布局、通透的空间与界面分隔、自由适宜的室内环境以及明亮健康的卫生间设计;交通过渡空间中要打造复合高效的空间形式,打造复合融合的过渡空间、连续不间断的移动空间以及安全高效的通行空间;游戏交往空间中要营造以身心经验为核心的空间体验,营造丰富多样的游戏体验、充分联系自然的环境以及适当的挑战性探索空间设计;以及构造安全合理及具有社会性质的设备设施,如建筑设备要符合幼儿特征、考虑引入社会性的设施场所。最后结合实践运用,对研究成果进行检验。更多还原

【Abstract】 The determination of the research direction of this article is mainly based on the following environmental background: our kindergartens are currently facing a shift from the demand for supply to high-quality kindergarten environment construction.The development of healthy buildings in the industry as a whole also requires healthier kindergarten buildings.However,the building safety design of kindergarten based on the real child-centered lack of more comprehensive theoretical guidance,and the problem of sensory integration disorder of urban children in my country is more prominent.Based on the above background reasons,further research and discussion began,through the combing of a large number of literature network materials and some design practice experience,using interdisciplinary research methods,the theory of Maslow’s needs,child psychology,child education,environment Psychology,safety science theory and other theories are combed and summarized,and the health and safety requirements of children in the kindergarten are summarized from the child-centered perspective,as the theoretical basis for more complete and scientific research.And sorted out the relevant regulations and standards at home and abroad,as well as the relevant documents and guidelines in the field of preschool education,combined with their corresponding requirements for health and safety in the kindergarten space environment,and summarized the general principles of the health and safety design of the kindergarten space environment.Then conducted field analysis through two investigations,and established the typical safety problems faced by kindergarten children.The typical problems are related to the body and mind and have a high degree of recognition.Then through further detailed research on the space environment where the problem occurred,the space environment elements related to the main problem that have an impact on the health and safety of young children are extracted,and the risk level of the elements is evaluated and combined with the evaluation and certification standards of the United States preschool education organization.After sorting out,the kindergarten health and safety evaluation standards have been formed to guide the proposal of the health-oriented kindergarten’s space environmental safety design strategy.According to the above research,the design strategy is proposed from the four aspects of life and learning space,traffic transition space,play communication space and facility and equipment system based on the behavior of young children,specifically to create a free and warm space environment in the living and learning space,to create a fusion of unit organizational layout,transparent space and interface separation,free and suitable indoor environment and bright and healthy bathroom design;in the traffic transition space,it is necessary to create a composite and efficient space form,to create a composite and integrated transition space,Continuous and uninterrupted moving space and safe and efficient passage space;the game communication space should create a space experience with physical and mental experience as the core,create a rich and diverse game experience,fully connect with the natural environment and appropriate challenging exploration space design;and construct safe and reasonable and social equipment and facilities,such as building equipment to meet the characteristics of young children,consider the introduction of social facilities.Finally,combined with practical application,the research results are tested.更多还原