【作者】 张宇；

【导师】 龚晓峰； 李成鑫；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 控制工程（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 在能源、环境以及我国碳达峰、碳中和目标的压力下,建设绿色低碳、高效经济和安全可靠的能源体系成为趋势。其中,分布式能源系统的发展和建立以储能为核心的多能互补能源体系将成为重点。冷热电联产系统(combined cooling,heating and power system,CCHP)因其可实现能源综合梯级利用和综合用能效率高,将成为最具发展活力的分布式能源系统之一。本文主要研究储能如何配合CCHP系统运行以提高经济效益,同时探讨拥有储能和CCHP系统的售电公司在日偏差电量考核机制下,如何合理利用储能和CCHP系统以降低公司运行成本和偏差考核成本。因此,本文主要工作内容如下:首先,提出了含储能的CCHP系统结构;构建了储能型CCHP系统的数学模型,并对设备间的能量耦合、转化特性、连接方式和设备特性做了进一步分析;分析了传统运行策略以热定电和以电定热,以及一种改进的混合运行策略;分析了基于目标函数的综合热电运行策略。其次,以调度周期内系统经济成本最优为目标函数,建立了含储能的CCHP系统优化调度模型,采用拥有自适应机制的改进遗传算法进行求解。另外,对负荷的随机性进行建模,以揭示储能型CCHP系统对负荷随机波动的应对性,并将优化调度结果的经济性与传统运行策略进行比较,同时也对系统设备的容量进行了优化配置。仿真算例表明,引入的储能系统可有效缓解CCHP系统的冷热电耦合,提升系统的灵活性和应对负荷变化的能力。同时,储能系统也可实现能量的跨时段转移,具有移峰填谷的作用,所提优化调度策略的经济性也优于传统以热定电和以电定热运行策略。最后,针对拥有CCHP系统和储能的售电公司所面临的偏差电量考核风险,在日偏差考核机制下,以售电公司经济性最优为目标,构建了售电公司考虑实际储能的CCHP系统优化调度模型,并采用日前优化调度策略和计及偏差电量考核的实时滚动优化调度策略优化系统出力,使模型具有实际可操作性。算例表明,在拥有CCHP系统的售电公司中引入储能系统,可有效降低偏差电量考核成本,增加售电公司收益。在此基础上,拓展储能的构成,将实际储能设备与需求侧灵活性负荷结合,并把它们视为广义储能,构建了售电公司考虑广义储能的CCHP系统优化调度模型。仿真算例表明,广义储能可进一步降低售电公司的偏差考核成本和运行成本,提升公司的经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the pressure of energy,the environment,and my country’s carbon peak and carbon neutral goals,building a green,low-carbon,efficient and economical,safe and reliable energy system has become a trend.The development of distributed energy systems and the establishment of a multi-energy complementary energy system with energy storage as the core will become the focus.The combined cooling,heating and power system has received extensive attention because of its ability to achieve comprehensive cascade utilization of energy and high efficiency in comprehensive energy use,and it will become one of the most dynamic distributed energy systems.This article mainly studies how energy storage can cooperate with CCHP system operation to improve economic efficiency.At the same time,it discusses how to rationally use energy storage and CCHP system to reduce company operating costs under the daily deviation power assessment mechanism for electricity retailers with energy storage and CCHP system.Therefore,the main contents of this article are as follows:Firstly,the CCHP system structure with energy storage is proposed.The mathematical model of the CCHP system with energy storage is established,and the energy coupling,conversion characteristics,connection methods and device characteristics between the devices are further analyzed.The traditional operation strategy of following thermal load and following electric load of CCHP system is analyzed.An improved hybrid operation strategy is analyzed.The integrated thermal power operation strategy based on objective function is analyzed.Secondly,taking the optimal economic cost of the system in the dispatch period as the objective function,an optimal dispatch model of the CCHP system with energy storage is established,and an improved genetic algorithm with an adaptive mechanism is used to solve the problem.In addition,the load randomness is modeled to reveal the responsiveness of the CCHP system with energy storage to random fluctuations in load,and the economics of optimal dispatch results are compared with traditional operating strategies,and the capacity of the system equipment was optimized.The simulation example shows that the introduced energy storage system can effectively alleviate the cooling,heating and electrical coupling of the CCHP system,and improve the flexibility of the system and the ability to respond to load changes.At the same time,the energy storage system can also realize energy transfer across time periods,and has the effect of shifting peaks and filling valleys.The economic efficiency of the proposed optimal scheduling strategy is also better than that of traditional heat-based and electricity-based operating strategies.Finally,in view of the deviation electricity assessment risk faced by electricity retailers with CCHP systems and energy storage,under the daily deviation assessment mechanism,the goal is to optimize the economy of electricity retailers,and an optimal scheduling model for the CCHP system considering the actual energy storage of the retail electricity company is constructed.The day-ahead optimization scheduling strategy and the real-time rolling optimization scheduling strategy that takes into account the deviation power assessment are used to optimize the system output,so that the model has practical operability.The calculation example shows that the introduction of energy storage system in electricity retailers with CCHP system can effectively reduce the cost of the deviation power assessment and increase the income of electricity retailers.On this basis,expand the composition of energy storage,combine the actual energy storage equipment with the demand-side flexible load,and treat them as generalized energy storage,and build a CCHP system optimization scheduling model that considers generalized energy storage for electricity retailers.The simulation example shows that generalized energy storage can further reduce the bias assessment cost and operating cost of the electricity retailers,and improve the company’s economic benefits.更多还原