【作者】 王艳；

【导师】 李晔；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪70年代以后世界范围内发生了许多震惊世界的火灾、爆炸、有毒物质的泄漏事故。恶性事故造成的人员严重伤亡和巨大的财产损失,促使各国政府立法规定工程项目、技术开发项目都必须进行安全评价。自20世纪80年代初期,安全系统工程、安全评价引入我国后,受到许多大中型企业和行业管理部门的高度重视。为推动和促进安全评价方法在我国企业安全管理中的实践和应用,我国政府和相关管理部门相继颁布了一系列法律法规和行业规定。不同领域的学者对安全评价业进行了广泛的研究并取得了丰硕的成果,然而对涉及危险化学品的建设项目的安全评价,至今还没有从技术经济分析的角度,即,危险化学品建设项目所涉及的厂址、场地、原料、工艺、设备及设施布局、建构筑物、甚至安全资金投入等建设全过程的各个方面,包括技术和经济,进行系统全面且结合实践的研究。有关国际组织和发达国家的经验表明:为预防危险化学品重大事故的发生,必须建立重大危险源监管制度和监管机制,必须从制度、立法、管理、技术等多个方面反思本组织的安全管理工作,从而研究制定防范措施。因此,本文以实际项目为案例,利用技术经济分析方法,对危险化学品建设项目进行深入细致、全面的分析研究,以期总结提炼出供相关企业参考的评价流程和评价方法,作为企业科学决策的依据。本文研究的建设项目是某锌业公司根据湿法炼锌所用置换剂锌粉的需求量而决定建设的7500t/a电炉锌粉工程。该工程利用其子公司电锌厂的锌焙砂、锌浮渣等中间物料,直接生产电炉锌粉。该工程项目的最终产品锌粉、生产过程中使用的压缩空气、以及生产过程中产生的一氧化碳等物质,若对其忽视安全管理,在适当环境下都是易燃易爆物质,一氧化碳更是属于《首批重点监管的危险化学品名录的通知》(安监总管三〔2011]95号)规定的危险化学品。因此科学规范的安全评价是该建设项目顺利推进的前提和基础。本文的目标在于综合运用安全评价的各种理论,密切结合该工程项目的总体情况,得出全面、科学、合理的评价结论,并为该行业类似项目安全评估提供一个可参考的运行范式。本文首先阐述了安全评价,特别是涉及危险化学品建设项目安全评价的特殊性和必要性,然后在分析工程项目的危险有害因素的基础上,将定性分析与定量分析相结合,对工程项目涉及到安全问题的自然条件、工艺规模、厂址场地、设备设施、产品物料、法律法规、安全资金投入等各个方面展开层层论证,分析建设项目的安全性。重点对划分的8个评价单元有针对性的采用适当的评价方法,包括安全检查表法、危险度评价法、事故后果模拟分析法3种方法,分析论证工程项目的固有危险程度、可能发生的危险化学品重大事故、安全条件和安全生产条件,在获得最终结论的同时指出存在的安全问题,并提出对策建议。全文结合大量的资料数据、国家政策、图表,生动地将浩大复杂的危险化学品建设项目的各种评估方法完整有效地融合于一定的评估规范和评估流程中,最终得出一个系统的结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1970s of the 20th century,many accidents in the worldwide such as fire,explosion and leakage of toxic substances have astonished the world.Many have caused.A large number of casualties and economic loss due to many significant pernicious accidents push the governments around the world to legislate the safety evaluation of engineering project and technology development project.Many large and medium-sized enterprises and relevant management departments have highly valued the safety system engineering and safety evaluation since they were introduced to our country in the early 1980s in the 20th century.To promote and enhance the practice and application of safety evaluation in enterprises safety administration,our government and the relevant departments have promulgated a series of laws and regulations in succession.Scholars of different fields have conducted extensive researches on safety evaluation and obtained the plenteous achievements,but so far there is still no systematic research with the combination of practice in the light of technique and economy which refers to all aspects of the whole construction including the construction site,raw materials,production techniques,equipments,distribution,buildings and structures,and even money input for safety.The practical experiences of relevant international organization and developed countries show that to prevent the occurrence of serious accidents caused by dangerous chemical production,the supervision mechanism for major hazardous sources must be established and any organization must rethink its safety management work from institution,legislation,management,technology and other aspects,and thus establish the preventive measures.Based on an actual engineering project,this dissertation thoroughly,comprehensively and carefully analyzes and researches on the dangerous chemical production construction project with technical and economical analysis methods to reinforce the evaluation procedure and method as the reference for relevant enterprises to make the proper decision.The dissertation studies a construction project,which is 7500t/a electric furnace zinc powder project determined by zinc powder displacer demand from zinc hydrometallurgy in Zinc Company of Henan Yuguang Gold and Lead Group.This project directly produces electric furnace zinc powder with the intermediate materials of zinc calcine and zinc dross from its subcompany of electrolytic zinc plant.The final product of zinc powder,compressed air used and carbon monoxide which was produced in the producing process and remarkably listed in the first batch of dangerous chemical production chiefly supervised(Safety Management three(2011)No.95)etc,are all flammable and explosive substances in certain circumstances,if the safety management is ignored.So the scientific and normative safety evaluation is the prerequisite and basis for the smooth progress of the construction project.This dissertation aims to synthetically adopt various theories of safety evaluation and consider the general situation of the project,to get a comprehensive,scientific and reasonable conclusion of evaluation as the reference for safety evaluation of similar projects in this field.This dissertation firstly expounds the particularity and necessity of safety evaluation,especially of the construction projects involving hazardous chemicals.Secondly,based on the analysis of dangerous and harmful factors of the project,and combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis,this dissertation conducts successive arguments in all aspects of safety problem including the natural conditions,technology,scale,site,equipment and facilities,products,laws and regulations,safety investment etc.to analyze the safety of the construction project.With the proper and highly individualized evaluation methods including safety check list method,dangerous level evaluation method,and accident result simulation analysis method,this dissertation focuses on 8 evaluation units to analyze the inherent risk degree,safety conditions and the conditions for safe production.Finally,the dissertation both obtains the final conclusion and points out the security problems,and put forward the countermeasures.Combining with a lot of information and data,the national policies,charts in the full text,this dissertation completely and vividly integrates a variety of assessment methods of dangerous chemicals construction project into an evaluation criterion and evaluation process and finally draws a systematic conclusion.更多还原