【作者】 刘丽；

【导师】 李金云；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 外国语言文学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 当代美国犹太作家纳森·英格兰德(Nathan Englander,1970-)2013年发表短篇小说集《当我们谈论安妮·弗兰克时我们谈论什么》。该作荣获2012年弗兰克·奥康纳国际短篇小说奖,并成功入围普利策奖。作品涉及形形色色的犹太人,其中既包括大屠杀幸存者及其后代,也有移民美国的犹太人和定居以色列的犹太人。这些犹太人物的身世背景、人生遭遇和情感体验虽不尽相同,但他们都不同程度地受到暴力影响,并采取不同方式应对暴力。本研究结合齐泽克的暴力理论,系统研究小说集中呈现的三种暴力:主观暴力、客观暴力与符号暴力,并揭示三种暴力的运作机制与现实启示。小说集中,主观暴力的表现形式为复仇和战争,客观暴力蕴含于政治压迫、经济剥削和文化压制之中,符号暴力则主要体现在社会规约和命名两个方面。三种暴力相互联系,构成具有内在因果关系的独特暴力场域。作品中,客观暴力导致的政治、经济和文化压迫激化了种族间与种族内部的矛盾,最终导致主观暴力频发;符号暴力作用于人的无意识,通过规约和命名使暴力“合法化”,迫使布鲁姆太太和耶胡娣特等受害者在无意识中接受暴力,也诱使科恩和雷娜等人诉诸暴力。英格兰德将暴力书写置于犹太民族的历史命运与现实语境下,揭示了暴力带来的恶果,挖掘了暴力产生的根源,并探讨了暴力的可能出路。英格兰德在短篇小说集中对暴力问题的反思及对暴力后果的重新审视也可为其他民族提供有益启示,帮助其做出理性的判断与选择,防止历史悲剧的重演。更多还原

【Abstract】 Contemporary American Jewish writer Nathan Englander(1970-)published a short story collection What We Talk About When We Talk About Anne Frank in 2013,which won Frank O’Connor International Short Story Award and was successfully shortlisted for The Pulitzer Prize.Those stories cover Jews as diverse as Holocaust survivors and their descendants,Jews who emigrated to the United States and those who settled in Israel.Although these Jewish characters have different backgrounds,life experiences and emotional experiences,they are all affected by violence and adopt different ways to reply to violence.Based on ?i?ek’s theory of violence,this study systematically analyzes the three types of violence in the short story collection: subjective,objective,and symbolic violence.It also reveals the three kinds of violence’s operating mechanism and practical enlightenment.In this work,subjective violence takes the form of revenge and wars,objective violence is embodied in political oppression,economic exploitation and cultural repression,and symbolic violence is mainly manifested in social conventions and naming.The three kinds of violence are interrelated and constitute a unique violent field with inherent causality.In this work,the political,economic and cultural oppression caused by objective violence intensifies the contradictions between and within races,eventually leading to frequent subjective violence.Symbolic violence acts on people’s unconscious and “legalizes” violence through conventions and naming,forcing victims like Mrs.Blum and Yehudit to accept violence unconsciously and inducing Cohen and Rena to resort to violence.Englander placed the violence writing in the context of the historical destiny and reality of the Jewish nation,revealed the consequences of violence,dug out the root of violence,and thus explored the possible way out of violence.Englander’s reflection on violence and re-examination of its consequences can inspire other countries to make rational judgments and choices and prevent the recurrence of historical tragedies.更多还原