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语气副词“莫非”“莫不(是)”的比较研究

Comparison Between Modal Adverbs of "Mofei" and "Mobu(Shi)"

【作者】 杨莉;

【导师】 苏俊波;

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 , 中国语言文学, 2023, 硕士

【摘要】 本文将从共时与历时相结合的角度出发,运用“小三角”理论,比较研究“莫非”和“莫不(是)”在现代汉语共时层面上句法、语义、语用功能和在历时层面上的发展过程及演变的动因与机制,尽可能区分语气副词“莫非”和“莫不(是)”,深化对于二者共同性和差异性的认识。第一章为绪论部分,主要交代选题缘由、研究现状、研究方法和语料来源。研究现状包括三个方面:语气副词的研究、“莫非”的研究、“莫不(是)”的研究。第二章从句法位置、句法功能、与动词及副词的共现情况三个方面全面描写“莫非”“莫不(是)”。“莫非”“莫不(是)”均可用于单句和复句,“莫非”用于复句时不能独用,“莫不(是)”位于句末时可以独用。“莫非”和“莫不(是)”都可以和多种语气副词共现,“莫非”与其他语气副词共现的频率高于“莫不(是)”。第三章主要从语义背景、基本语义特征、语义指向三个方面考察二者。当“莫非”“莫不(是)”表示揣测语气时,其语义背景可以分为四个层次;表示反诘语气时,其语义背景分为三个层次。“莫非”“莫不(是)”基本语义特征的相同点有:测度义、未知义、不解义、反诘义、不确定性、委婉性等,二者基本语义特征的不同点在于疑问度强弱和反诘度强弱。二者的语义指向与“莫非”“莫不(是)”在复句中的位置有关。第四章从句类分布和语用功能的角度对“莫非”“莫不(是)”进行语用分析。“莫非”出现在四种句类中的频率由高到低为:疑问句>感叹句>陈述句>祈使句。“莫不(是)”主要用于疑问句,用于陈述句、祈使句、感叹句的频率比较低,“莫非”“莫不(是)”的语用功能包括连句成篇、焦点标记功能以及表达主观态度的功能。第五章为“莫非”和“莫不(是)”的历时考察。从先秦到现代汉语,“莫非”在不同阶段有不同的用法,其功能类型共有六大类八小类,语气副词“莫非”的演变与韵律因素、使用频率及句法环境有关。“莫不(是)”的功能类型有五种,“莫不(是)”的演变与组块心理等因素有关。第六章为结语,内容包含本文的结论及不足。

【Abstract】 From the perspective of synchronic and diachronic combination,this paper applies the theory of "little trigonometric" to make a comparative study of the syntactic,semantic and pragmatic functions of "Mofei" and "Mobu(shi)" in modern Chinese synchronic level and the development process and related motivations and mechanisms at the diachronic level,and tries to distinguish interrogative adverbs "Mofei" and "Mobu(shi)" as far as possible.Deepen the understanding of their similarities and differences.The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly explains the reason of topic selection,research status,research methods and the source of corpus.The research status includes three aspects: the study of modal adverbs,the study of "Mofei" and the study of "Mobu(shi)".Chapter two analyzes the syntax of "Mofei" and "Mobu(shi)" from the perspectives of structural form,sentence class distribution,syntactic position and syntactic function.The third chapter mainly discusses the "Mofei" and "Mo Bu(is)" language.The characteristics of the meaning are analyzed.Chapter four makes a pragmatic analysis of "Mofei" and "Mobu(shi)" from the perspective of pragmatic function and stylistic distribution.The fifth chapter is the diachronic investigation of "Mofei" and "Mofei".This part mainly examines the source and stage of word formation of "Mofei" and "Mobu(shi)" through literature review and corpus analysis,and discusses the motivation and mechanism of their lexicalization.Chapter six is the conclusion.

【关键词】 莫非; 莫不(是); 语气副词;
【Key words】 Mofei; Mobu(shi); modal adverbs;
  • 【分类号】H146
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