【作者】 陈源；

【导师】 徐敏；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 “非自然叙事”作为一种叙事现象自古有之,但其作为理论步入研究者的视野却是近二十年的事。作为后经典叙事学的重要一脉,非自然叙事理论以具有较高虚构性的、违反自然和模仿叙事规范的叙事作品为研究对象,现处于蓬勃发展阶段。本研究从非自然叙事理论家经典著述入手,辨析各理论家对其定义之异同,详细梳理其核心范畴,并对理论进行反思和展望,希冀为非自然叙事理论迈向系统化助力。绪论部分交代研究缘起、研究意义和国内外研究综述,简要梳理了非自然叙事理论的发展历程和相关概念。第一章对理查森、阿尔贝、伊韦尔森的理论定义进行梳理和概说,并以比较视野对各个立场和观点进行探讨。理查森指出“非自然”即“反模仿”,其判定标准有二:一是文本的反模仿特征,二是作者具有明显违背标准叙述形式的意图;伊韦尔森将非自然叙事视为“永久性陌生化”的修辞技巧,从读者感知和文本特征两个维度判定非自然叙事;阿尔贝从“不可能世界”出发建构理论,以物理规则、逻辑公理等现实客观性为判定参照。综合考量,本研究认为将非自然叙事建立在已有的模仿框架上,以客观存在的文本特征为参照不失为可行的判定方式。第二章则建立在第一章定位的“以文本特征为判定标准”的基础上,即判定非自然的核心是甄别文本中的“非自然元素”。本章主要探究非自然叙述人称、非自然事件和序列、非自然叙事时间、非自然叙事空间四个核心范畴,在整合非自然叙事理论家对不同范畴论述的基础上进行分类和再编排,以使非自然叙事的分析框架更为明晰。非自然叙事理论家发现诸多反常规的策略蕴含意识形态特征,但未作详细阐释,鉴于此,本章的第二个任务是结合具有实验性的文学作品,尤其是女性主义作品、后殖民文学等说明反常规叙述策略的功能意义。第三章对非自然叙事理论进行反思和展望。非自然叙事学不仅深化了现有的叙事理论,而且为解读后现代和实验性叙事贡献了新的途径,在拓宽人类认知视野方面亦有所裨益。但非自然叙事理论研究由于偏重归纳逻辑,因而理论基础相对薄弱,且理论定义和概念也尚不统一。作为本研究的创新点,文章分析了“建构女性主义非自然叙事”和“比较视野下的非自然叙事”两种未来发展构想,以此回应理查森提出的非自然叙事的终极目标——“全面描述叙事学”。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a narrative phenomenon,"unnatural narrative" has existed since ancient times,but it has been in the field of vision of researchers for nearly two decades as a theory.As an important part of post-classical narratology,unnatural narrative theory focuses on highly fictional narrative works that violate nature and imitate narrative norms,and is now in the stage of vigorous development.This study starts with the classic works of unnatural narrative theorists,discriminates the similarities and differences of their definitions,combs their core categories in detail,and makes a reflection and prospect of the theory,hoping to help the unnatural narrative theory move towards systematization.The introduction part explains the origin of the research,the significance of the research and the summary of the research at home and abroad,and briefly combs the development process and related concepts of unnatural narrative theory.The first chapter combs and summarizes the theoretical definitions of Brain Richardson,Jan Alber and Stefan Iversen,and discusses various positions and viewpoints from a comparative perspective.Richardson pointed out that "unnatural" is "anti-imitation",which is judged by two criteria: one is the anti-imitation feature of the text,and the other is that the author has the intention to violate the standard narrative form.Iversen regards unnatural narrative as a rhetorical skill of "permanent defamiliarization" and judges unnatural narrative from the two dimensions of readers’ perception and text features.Alber constructs the theory from the "impossible world" and takes physical rules,logical axioms and other realistic objectivity as a reference.Taking into consideration,this study believes that it is a feasible way to judge unnatural narrative based on the existing imitation framework and with reference to the objective characteristics of the text.The second chapter is established on the basis of "taking the features of the text as the criterion" located in the first chapter,that is,the core of judging the unnatural is to identify the "unnatural elements" in the text.This chapter mainly explores the four core categories of unnatural narrative person,unnatural events and sequences,unnatural narrative time and unnatural narrative space,and classifies and rearranges them on the basis of integrating the expositions of different categories by unnatural narrative theorists.in order to make the analytical framework of unnatural narrative clearer.Unnatural narrative theorists have found that many unconventional strategies contain ideological characteristics,but they have not been explained in detail.in view of this,the second task of this chapter is to combine experimental literary works,especially feminist works and post-colonial literature to illustrate the functional significance of unconventional narrative strategies.The third chapter reflects on and looks forward to the unnatural narrative theory.Unnatural narratology not only deepens the existing narrative theory,but also contributes a new way to the interpretation of postmodern and experimental narrative,and is also beneficial in broadening the cognitive vision of human beings.However,due to the emphasis on inductive logic,the theoretical basis of unnatural narrative theory is relatively weak,and the theoretical definitions and concepts are not unified.As the innovation of this study,this paper analyzes the two future development ideas of "constructing feminist unnatural narration" and "unnatural narration from a comparative perspective".In response to Richardson’s ultimate goal of unnatural narrative-"comprehensive descriptive narratology".更多还原