【作者】 杨攀；

【导师】 范国英；

【作者基本信息】 西华大学 ， 中国语言文学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 加拿大作家玛格丽特·阿特伍德是享誉世界的作家、评论家,因著作颇丰且影响力巨大,被誉为“加拿大文学女王”。《羚羊与秧鸡》(Oryx and Crake)是阿特伍德反乌托邦小说“疯癫亚当”三部曲的第一部,于2003年出版,一经问世便入围包括诺贝尔奖在内的多个重量级文学奖项。该小说以美国工业社会为背景,以主人公吉米的视角展开叙述,描绘了一场人为制造的瘟疫——“大灭绝”灾难发生前后,人类社会在技术理性控制下的癫狂状态。小说完整地构建了以“大院”和“废市”的对立为特征的资本主义工业社会,塑造了“羚羊”、“秧鸡”和吉米三位经历迥异的主要人物,展现了技术理性影响下的严峻的主体性危机。本文以技术理性为切入点,重点分析小说中社会层面和人自身层面所展现的主体性危机,通过剖析作者对技术理性侵蚀主体性的不同刻画,进一步挖掘该小说对重构人的主体性的有益探索。本论文各章节具体研究内容如下:绪论部分阐释本论文选题的意义、研究现状、思路和方法以及对技术理性的辨析,为保证研究内容的合理性,在本章第四节对技术理性的思想源流做出了介绍,重点介绍了以法兰克福学派为代表的技术理性批判理论。第一章为“《羚羊与秧鸡》中技术理性下主体性危机的外部表征”。本章节从经济、政治和文化三个角度阐释了技术理性逻辑在社会建构层面的渗透,揭示出技术理性已经成为塑造社会一体化统治格局的绝对力量这一残酷现实。第二章为“《羚羊与秧鸡》中技术理性下主体性危机的内部表征”。本章节聚焦小说中的三位主人公,以“羚羊”为代表的底层人民被技术理性逻辑异化为“单向度的人”,以“秧鸡”为代表的技术精英放任自身理性膨胀最终带来“非理性”的后果,以及以吉米为代表的“非理性”的人在社会中遭遇的精神情感危机和主体的合法化危机,通过分析以上三个人物主体性危机的具体呈现,展示了技术理性下主体性危机的不同发生路径。第三章为“《羚羊与秧鸡》中技术理性下重构主体性的探索”。本章节主要分析了作者阿特伍德在身体维度和语言维度上重建人的主体性的尝试,主张利用身体和语言中蕴含的“非理性”的力量来对抗技术理性对主体性的异化,体现了作者对本真的人的回归的呼吁。更多还原

【Abstract】 Canadian writer Margaret Atwood is a world-renowned writer and critic,known as the "Queen of Canadian Literature" for her prolific and influential writings.Oryx and Crake,the first in Atwood’s dystopian trilogy of Madd Addam,was published in 2003 and was shortlisted for several major literary prizes,including the Nobel Prize.The novel is set in American industrial society and narrated from the perspective of the protagonist Jimmy,depicting a man-made plague-the madness of human society under the control of technological rationality before and after the catastrophe of the "extinctathon".The novel completely constructs a capitalist industrial society characterized by the opposition between "compound" and "waste market",shaping the three main characters "Oryx","Crake" and Jimmy,who have very different experiences,and showing the severe crisis of subjectivity under the influence of technological rationality.Taking technical rationality as the starting point,this paper focuses on analyzing the crisis of subjectivity at the social level and the human level in the novel,and further explores the useful exploration of the novel on reconstructing human subjectivity by analyzing the author’s different portrayals of the erosion of subjectivity by technical rationality.The specific research contents of each chapter of this paper are as follows:The introduction part explains the significance of the topic selection,the research status quo,ideas and methods,and the discrimination of technical rationality.In order to ensure the rationality of the research content,the ideological origin of technical rationality is introduced in the fourth section of this chapter,focusing on the critical theory of technical rationality represented by the Frankfurt School.The first chapter is "the external representation of the subjectivity crisis under the technical rationality in Oryx and Crake".This chapter explains the penetration of technological rationality logic in social construction from economic,political and cultural perspectives,and reflects the cruel reality that technological rationality has become the absolute force shaping the ruling pattern of social integration.The second chapter is "the internal representation of the subjectivity crisis under the technical rationality in Oryx and Crake".This chapter focuses on the three protagonists in the novel.The bottom people represented by "Oryx" are alienated by the logic of technological rationality into "one-dimensional people",the technical elite represented by "Crake" allows its rational expansion to eventually bring "irrational" consequences,and the "irrational" people represented by Jimmy encounter a spiritual and emotional crisis in society and the crisis of legalization of the subjective position,through the analysis of the specific presentation of the subjectivity crisis of the above three characters,showing the different paths of subjectivity crisis under technological rationality.The third chapter is "the exploration of the reconstruction of subjectivity under technical rationality in Oryx and Crake".This chapter mainly analyzes the author atwood in the body dimension and language dimension to rebuild human subjectivity attempt.The claim to use the "irrational" power contained in the body and language to counter the alienation of subjectivity by technological rationality reflects the author’s call for the return of authentic people.更多还原