【作者】 王涛；

【导师】 周翔； 刘榜；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 繁殖性能是了解一个品种公猪的重要指标,不同猪种的繁殖性能存在明显差异。研究公猪的初情期和性成熟期等繁殖性能,有利于一个品种在生产和育种中的精细化管理。鄂通两头乌猪是以瘦肉型大白猪与中国地方品种通城猪为育种素材培育的新品种。目前,鄂通两头乌公猪的睾丸发育等繁殖性能鲜有报道。本文以鄂通两头乌公猪为研究对象,通过对睾丸发育规律、性行为变化、精液品质、采精表现及性欲进行研究来反映该品种公猪的繁殖性能,为鄂通两头乌公猪饲养管理和育种提供科学指导。主要研究结果如下:(1)鄂通两头乌公猪性行为变化规律:56.60±1.44(43～67)d后,公猪出现感应性爬跨行为。73.44±1.78(52～90)d后公猪阴茎勃起并伸出,开始进入初情期。91.46±2.17(83～109)d,公猪开始产生少量精液,但无有效精子。133.67±1.38d后具有与成年公猪相同的完整性行为表现,能够产生精液与精胶,进入性成熟期。性成熟前,爬跨行为的持续时间随日龄的增加而增加。季节对公猪初次爬跨行为有极显著影响(P<0.01),夏季晚于冬季,二者相差12.9d。(2)鄂通两头乌公猪睾丸形态和组织发育规律:公猪睾丸形态发育高峰期在120～150d。利用HE染色观察发现,30d公猪睾丸可见大量的曲细精管,曲细精管内尚无管腔出现。60d公猪睾丸曲细精管内开始出现管腔,生殖细胞开始发育。90d公猪睾丸曲细精管内含有游离精子。曲细精管直径在30～60d与120～150d是发育高峰期,增速分别为75.45%和35.94%。300d内,公猪曲细精管直径随年龄极显著增加(P<0.01)。(3)鄂通两头乌公猪精液品质分析结果:140～180d,是公猪精液密度和活力提升的关键期,180d时公猪已达性成熟。181～900d,公猪精液活力稳定,精液密度和精液量随日龄增加逐渐提升。(4)鄂通两头乌公猪采精表现及性欲:采精过程中,公猪步入采精区域到爬假母猪台所需时间存在显著差异(P<0.05),年龄越大所需时间越久。公猪爬假母猪台的次数与年龄存在显著差异(P<0.05),年轻公猪完成采精需要的爬台次数更多。性成熟后,公猪性欲旺盛,爬假母猪台1～3次便能采出精液,成年公猪射精持续时间约6min。综上,本研究揭示了鄂通两头乌公猪性行为变化、睾丸发育规律、精液品质和采精表现等繁殖性能。该结果为了解鄂通两头乌公猪生殖机能发育提供参考,丰富了该品种的基础资料。同时,为该新品种公猪的选种及饲养管理提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reproductive performance is an important indicator to understand a breed of boar.There are significant differences in reproductive performance between pig breeds.The reproductive performance of boars,such as the first love stage and sexual maturity,is conducive to the fine management of a breed in production and breeding.The Etong TwoEnd-Black boar is a new breed bred from lean white pigs and the local Chinese breed Tongcheng pig as breeding material.At present,little has been reported on the testicular development pattern and reproductive performance of the Etong Two-End-Black boar.In this paper,the testicular development pattern,sexuality change,semen quality,sperm collection performance and libido were studied to reflect the reproductive performance of this breed of boar,and to provide scientific guidance for the breeding and management of Etong Two-End-Black boar.The main research results are as follows:(1)Sexuality change pattern of Etong Two-End-Black boar: After 56.60±1.44(43-67)days of age,the boar develops inductive straddling sexuality.73.44±1.78(52-90)days of age,the boar’s penis becomes erect and extends,and it begins to enter the first phase of estrus.91.46±2.17(83-109)days of age,the boar begins to produce a small amount of semen,but no effective sperm.133.67±1.38 days of age,the boar has the same integrity sexuality as the adult After 133.67±1.38 days of age,the boar had the same sexuality expression of integrity as the adult boar,and was able to produce semen and sperm glue,entering the sexual maturity stage.entering sexual maturity.The duration of straddling sexuality increases with age.Season had a highly significant effect(P < 0.01)on the boar’s initial straddling sexuality,with summer being later than winter,with a difference of 12.9days between the two seasons.(2)The morphological and histological development pattern of the testes of the Etong Two-End-Black boar: the peak of testicular development of the boar is between 120 and150 days of age.The testes of 30-day-old boars were found to have a large number of varicose sperm ducts,with no lumen in the ducts yet.60-day-old boars began to have a lumen in the testes,and germ cells began to develop.90-day-old boars contained free sperm in the testes of varicose sperm ducts.The diameter of the sperm duct was most rapidly developed between 30 and 60 days of age and between 120 and 150 days of age,with growth rates of 75.45% and 35.94%,respectively.300 days of age,the diameter of the sperm duct of the boar increased very significantly with age(P < 0.01).(3)The results of the semen quality analysis of Etong Two-End-Black boar: from 140 to 180 days of age,it is a critical period for boars to increase their semen density and vitality,and at 180 days of age,boars have reached sexual maturity.from 180 to 900 days of age,semen vitality is stable,and semen density and semen volume gradually increase with increasing age.(4)Sperm collection performance and libido in Etong Two-End-Black boar: During sperm collection,there was a significant difference(p < 0.05)between the time it took for the boar to step into the sperm collection area and the time it took to climb the sham platform,with the older the boar the longer it took.There was a significant difference between the number of times a boar climbed the dummy platform and his age(p < 0.05),with younger boars requiring more platform climbs to complete the collection.After sexual maturity,boars have a high libido and can collect semen after 1 to 3 climbs on the sham platform,and the duration of ejaculation in adult boars is about 6 min.In conclusion,This paper reveals the reproductive performance of the Etong Two-EndBlack boar,such as behavioral changes,testicular development rules,semen quality and sperm collection performance.The results provide a reference for understanding the development of the reproductive function of the Etong Two-End-Black boar,and at the same time,provide a basis for the selection and breeding management of this new breed of boar.更多还原