【作者】 李震；

【导师】 宋小玲；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 0.136%赤·吲乙·芸苔可湿性粉剂（碧护）是德国科学家研发的植物源植物生长调节剂。前期研究表明,碧护作为植调剂可以活化植物细胞,提早打破种子休眠,促进果树生根,缓解除草剂对作物的药害,提高植物抗逆性,增加作物产量和果蔬品质。3%卵磷脂·维生素E悬乳剂（安融乐）是由南非西北大学从大豆中提取获得的新型生物增效助剂。该助剂依靠独有的泡囊结构能迅速包裹农药或肥料中的有效成分,加速植物对有效成分的吸收和输导,提高农药或肥料的利用率。本实验室前期研究表明碧护作为植物生长调节剂,与除草剂五氟磺草胺混用后,杂草无芒稗的药害加重,五氟磺草胺的靶标酶乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）活性受抑制程度加强。原因是碧护与五氟磺草胺混用后加速了无芒稗的糖代谢和氮代谢水平,有利于五氟磺草胺的吸收和传导,同时可缓解五氟磺草胺对水稻的生理抑制。安融乐对小麦田、水稻田、荒地等除草剂均具有显著增效效果,且增效机理是由于安融乐能降低药滴在植物叶片上的接触角度和表面张力,增加药滴在植物叶片上的润湿展布能力,提高除草剂在杂草体内的吸收量和传导量。但碧护和安融乐在草坪上的运用尚未报道,本文研究碧护作为植调剂缓解低温胁迫对草坪草生长的影响以及碧护和安融乐与除草剂混用后对草坪杂草的防除效果,为进一步将植调剂碧护和生物助剂安融乐在草坪上的应用提供理论依据和技术支持。主要研究结果如下:碧护缓解低温对草坪草胁迫的作用:为了弄清碧护对冷季型草坪草在低温胁迫下的缓解作用,以高羊茅（Festuca elata）和多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne）为研究对象,设置0、2500倍、5000倍、7500倍、10000倍、12500倍、15000倍稀释液7个剂量,探究碧护浸种、苗期叶片喷施碧护和成坪草坪叶面喷施碧护对草坪草低温胁迫的影响。碧护浸种24h后,进行低温胁迫处理（昼夜15℃/10℃,光周期为12h,湿度为80%）和常温（昼夜25℃/25℃,光周期为12h,湿度为80%）处理。草坪草种子在碧护10000～7500倍稀释液浸种后,低温和常温处理下的发芽势、发芽率、胚芽长、胚根长、苗鲜重、根鲜重、苗干重和根干重显著高于清水对照,草坪草种子低温处理后发芽率、苗鲜重和胚根长能接近或显著超过常温条件下草坪草种子的各指标,苗干重和根干重显著超过常温条件下草坪草种子的各指标。说明碧护通过增加草坪草种子胚根长、苗质量和根质量来抵抗低温胁迫,可以通过碧护浸种来促进草坪草种子萌发和生长。在降温来临前,连续2天对草坪草叶面喷施碧护,之后进行为期10天的户外低温冻害胁迫和常温（昼夜25℃/25℃,光周期为12h,湿度为80%）处理,盆栽试验结果表明:草坪草在低温冻害胁迫后叶面喷施碧护10000～7500倍稀释液,地下生物量、叶绿素含量、电解质渗透率、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、脯氨酸（PRO）含量显著高于清水对照;草坪草在低温胁迫后叶面喷施碧护10000～7500倍稀释液,根长、根鲜重、相对电导率和脯氨酸含量与常温条件下叶面喷施碧护后草坪草的生长情况无显著差异;草坪草在低温胁迫后叶面喷施碧护10000～7500倍稀释液,根干重显著超过常温条件下叶面喷施碧护后草坪草的生长情况。在降温来临前,连续2天对成坪草坪草叶面喷施碧护,之后进行为期20天的户外低温冻害胁迫,成坪草坪试验结果表明:在叶面喷施碧护10000-7500倍稀释液后,提高了植物叶片叶绿素含量,增强植物光合作用,降低叶片电解质渗透率,减少PRO和MDA含量,增加SOD酶活力,缓解了草坪草受低温冻害的影响,提高了草坪草的抗寒力。暖季型草坪中碧护和安融乐对除草剂的增效效果:选用25%啶嘧磺隆水分散粒剂和10%硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂,研究碧护和安融乐与除草剂混用后对暖季型草坪中的杂草马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）、碎米莎草（Cyperus iria）和反枝苋（Amaranthus retroflexus）防除的增效效果。研究结果发现,碧护与除草剂混用后杂草药害达到5级所需时间比除草剂单用提前2-6天,ED₅₀值和ED₉₀值分别增效6.24%～43.14%和4.91%～29.47%,鲜重防效增效5.84%～28.39%。安融乐与除草剂混用后,杂草药害达到5级所需时间比除草剂单用提前2-7天,ED₅₀值和ED₉₀值分别增效10.27%～21.13%和2.64%～17.74%,鲜重防效增效0.94%～29.22%。试验结果表明碧护和安融乐能够对除草剂增效效果明显,对暖季型草坪草狗牙根草和马尼拉草无不良影响。冷季型草坪中碧护和安融乐对除草剂的增效效果:选用30克/升甲基二磺隆可分散油悬浮剂,288克/升氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯乳油和70.5%2甲·唑草酮可湿性粉剂,研究碧护和安融乐与除草剂混用后对冷季型草坪中的杂草早熟禾（Poa annua）、大巢菜（Vicia sativa）和猪殃殃（Galium aparine）防除的增效效果。研究结果发现,碧护与除草剂混用后杂草药害达到5级所需时间比除草剂单用提前2-7天,ED₅₀值和ED₉₀值分别增效28.23%～47.77%和37.11%～47.00%,鲜重防效增效2.75%～25.83%。安融乐与除草剂混用后,杂草药害达到5级所需时间比除草剂单用提前2-7天,ED₅₀值和ED₉₀值分别增效21.55%～38.68%和12.79%～36.26%,鲜重防效增效0.86%～13.91%。试验结果表明碧护和安融乐能够对除草剂增效效果明显,对冷季型草坪草多年生黑麦草和白三叶无不良影响。综上所述,在常温条件下以碧护2500-12500稀释液浸种能显著促进草坪草种子的萌发和生长,以碧护5000-10000稀释液在草坪草苗期叶面喷施能显著促进草坪草生长发育。在低温胁迫后,以碧护7500-10000倍稀释液浸种能显著缓解低温对草坪草种子萌发的影响,以碧护5000-7500倍稀释液在草坪草苗期叶面喷施能显著缓解低温冻害给草坪草带来的胁迫,显著提高草坪草的抗寒力,从而避免草坪质量下降。碧护及安融乐5000倍稀释液与除草剂25%啶嘧磺隆水分散粒剂、10%硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂、30克/升甲基二磺隆可分散油悬浮剂,288克/升氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯乳油和70.5%2甲·唑草酮可湿性粉剂混用对草坪杂草防除有显著增效效果。因此建议碧护和安融乐在草坪草的抗低温胁迫以及杂草防除上推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 0.136%GA·IAA·BR WP（Vita Cat^?）,which is a plant-derived plant growth regulator developed by German scientists.Early studies have shown that as plant growth regulator,Vita Cat^?can activate plant cells,break seed dormancy,and promote root growth of fruit trees,alleviate the herbicide injury to crops,improve plant resistance,increase crop yield and quality of fruits and vegetables.3%Lecithin·Vitamin E SE（Ann Gro^?）is a new type of biological adjuvant extracted from soybeans by Northwest University of South Africa.It relies on a unique vesicle structure to quickly encapsulate the effective ingredients of pesticides or fertilizers,which can accelerate the absorption and transmission of effective ingredients by plants,and improve the efficiency of pesticides or fertilizers.Preliminary research in our laboratory showed that Vita Cat^?mixed with the herbicide penoxsulam of Echinochloa crusgalli significantly inhibited the activity of the target enzyme acetolactate synthase（ALS）of penoxsulam.The reason was that the mixed use of Vita Cat^?and penoxsulam accelerated the level of sugar and nitrogen metabolism of barnyardgrass,which is beneficial to the absorption and conduction of penoxsulam and can alleviate the physiological inhibition of penoxsulam on rice.Ann Gro^?has a significant synergetic effect on herbicides of wheat fields,rice fields,and wasteland,and the synergetic mechanism is due to the fact that Ann Gro^?reduced the contact angle and surface tension of droplets on plant leaves,increased the wetting and spreading ability of droplets on plant leaves,and increased the absorption and conduction of herbicides in weeds.However,the application of Vita Cat^?and Ann Gro^?on the lawn has not been reported.This article studies whether Vita Cat^?can alleviate the effect of low temperature stress on the growth of turfgrass and the effect of Vita Cat^?and Ann Gro^?on weeds control after mixed with herbicides.The results will to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the further application of plant growth regulator Vita Cat^?and biological additives Ann Gro^?on the lawn.The main findings are as follows:The effects of Vita Cat^?under low temperature stress of turfgrass:In order to clarify the alleviating effect of Vita Cat^?under low temperature stress for on cold-season turfgrass Festuca elata and Lolium perennecare.The doses of 0,2500 times,5000 times,7500 times,10000 times,12500 times,15000 times dilutions were used to soak seeds,apply to the turfgrass seedling stage and apply to the establishment lawn.After soaking the seeds in Vita Cat^?dilutions for 24 hours,treated by low temperature（day and night 15℃/10℃,photoperiod 12h,humidity 80%）and normal temperature（day and night 25℃/25℃,photoperiod 12h,humidity 80%）.After soaking the seeds in Vita Cat^?10000～7500 times dilution solution,germination potential,germination rate,sprout length,radical length,seedling fresh weight,root fresh weight,seedling dry weight and root dry weight of seeds treated both low temperature and normal temperature were significantly higher than the water control.Seeds treated by low temperature stress,the germination rate,seedling fresh weight and radicle length of seeds were close to or significantly higher than those under normal temperature,and seedling dry weight and root dry weight were significantly greater than those under normal temperature.It showed that Vita Cat^?resisted low temperature stress by increasing the seedling radical length,seedling quality and root quality of turfgrass,and it can promote the germination and growth of turfgrass seeds by soaking the seeds of Vita Cat^?.Before the temperature drop,turfgrass seedling were applied Vita Cat^?for two consecutive days,then these were treated by low temperature and freezing stress（outdoor10-day）and normal temperature（day and night 25℃/25℃,photoperiod 12h,humidity 80%）.The potting test result showed that the underground biomass,chlorophyll content,electrolyte permeability,malondialdehyde（MDA）content,superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity,and proline（PRO）content of turfgrass seedling treated by low temperature and freezing stress were significantly higher than the water control under Vita Cat^?10000-7500 times dilution treatment.The root length,root fresh weight,relative conductivity and proline content of turfgrass seedling were no significant difference between the low temperature and freezing stress and normal temperature under Vita Cat^?10000-7500 times dilution treatment.The root dry weight of turfgrass seedling treated by low temperature and freezing stress were significantly greater than normal temperature under Vita Cat^?10000-7500 times dilution treatment.Before the temperature drop,establishment lawn were applied Vita Cat^?for two consecutive days,then these were treated by low temperature and freezing stress by outdoor20-day.The results showed that applying Vita Cat^?10000-7500 times dilution to the establishment lawn,the chlorophyll content and the activity of SOD enzyme of plant leaves were increased,the electrolyte permeability,the content of PRO and MDA of plant leaves were reduced.The turfgrass were affected by low temperature and freezing stress were alleviated,the photosynthesis of plant leaves were enhanced,and the cold resistance of turfgrass were improved.The synergetic effect of Vita Cat^?and Ann Gro^?on herbicides in warm-season lawns:25%flazasulfuron WG and 10%mesotrione SC were used to study the synergetic effect of Vita Cat^?and Ann Gro^?on the control of Digitaria sanguinalis,Cyperus iria and Amaranthus retroflexus in warm-season lawns weeds.The results found that the time required for weeds damage to reach level 5 was 2-6 days earlier by tank-mixed with Vita Cat^?than applied herbicides alone.The ED₅₀ and ED₉₀ values were increased respectively by6.24%～43.14%and 4.91%～29.47%.The fresh weight control effect were increased by5.84%～28.39%.The time required for weeds damage to reach level 5 was 2-7 days earlier by tank-mixed with Ann Gro^?than applied herbicides alone.The ED₅₀ and ED₉₀ values were increased respectively by 10.27%～21.13%and 2.64%～17.74%,the fresh weight control effect increased by 0.94%～29.22%.The test results showed that Vita Cat^?and Ann Gro^?had obvious synergetic effects on herbicides,and had no adverse effects on warm-season turfgrass Cynodon dactylon and Zoysia matrella.The synergetic effect of Vita Cat^?and Ann Gro^?on herbicides in cold-season lawns:30 g/L mesosulfuron-methyl SC,288 g/L fluroxypyr-meptyl EC and 70.5%MCPA-Na·Carfentrazone-ethyl WP were used to study the synergetic effect of Vita Cat^?and Ann Gro^?on the control of Poa annua,Vicia sativa and Galium aparine in cold-season lawns weeds.The results found that the time required for weed damage to reach level 5 is 2-7 days earlier by tank-mixed with Vita Cat^?than applied herbicide alone.The ED₅₀ value and ED₉₀value are increased respectively by 28.23%～47.77%and 37.11%～47.00%,the fresh weight control effect increased by 2.75%～25.83%.The time required for the weeds damage to reach level 5 was 2-7 days earlier by tank-mixed with Ann Gro^?than applied herbicides alone.The ED₅₀ and ED₉₀ values were increased respectively by 21.55%～38.68%and 12.79%～36.26%,the fresh weight control effect increased by 0.86%～13.91%.The test results showed that Vita Cat^?and Ann Gro^?had obvious synergetic effects on herbicides,and had no adverse effects on cold-season turfgrass Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens.In summary,soaking seeds with Vita Cat^?2500-12500 dilution under normal temperature can significantly promote the germination and growth of turfgrass seeds,and applying Vita Cat^?5000-10000 dilution at the seedling stage of turfgrass can significantly promote the growth and development of turfgrass.Soaking seeds with Vita Cat^?7500-10000times dilution under low temperature stress can significantly alleviate the effect of low temperature on turfgrass seed germination,and applying Vita Cat^?5000-7500 times dilution at the turfgrass seedling stage can significantly alleviate low temperature freezing damage to turfgrass and can significantly improve the cold resistance of turfgrass,thereby avoiding the decline of lawn quality.Vita Cat^?and Ann Gro^?5000 times dilution tank-mixed with herbicides 25%flazasulfuron WG,10%mesotrione SC,30 g/L mesosulfuron-methyl SC,288 g/L fluroxypyr-meptyl EC and 70.5%MCPA-Na·Carfentrazone-ethyl WP had significant synergetic effect on the control of lawn weeds.Therefore,it is recommended that Vita Cat^?and Ann Gro^?should be popularized and applied in low temperature stress resistance and weeds control on lawn.更多还原